Core Viewpoint - Metformin, originally developed for type 2 diabetes, shows potential as a neuroprotective agent, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's [2][4][8]. Group 1: Research Findings - A recent study published in Nature Communications indicates that Metformin alters mitochondria-related metabolism and enhances the function of human oligodendrocytes, suggesting its neuroprotective effects [3][4]. - The study demonstrates that Metformin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and promote functional regeneration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in aged rats, enhancing myelin regeneration capabilities [8][9]. - In human stem cell-derived OPCs, Metformin increased the generation of myelin-related proteins, indicating its potential to stimulate myelin production in various cellular models [9]. Group 2: Clinical Implications - Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate Metformin's efficacy as a treatment for multiple sclerosis, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other drugs, as well as its application as a direct neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative diseases [8]. - Despite ongoing clinical trials, results have not yet been disclosed, and the specific effects of Metformin on human oligodendrocytes remain unclear, highlighting the need for further research [8][9].