Core Viewpoint - The low vaccination rate of PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) in China poses significant public health challenges, with a need for increased awareness and education regarding its importance in preventing severe pneumococcal diseases in children [1][3][4]. Group 1: Current Situation and Statistics - The vaccination rate for the 3-dose PCV in Chinese children is only 7.3%, which is significantly lower than international levels [1]. - Over 20% of healthy children in China carry pneumococcus, and the country accounts for 12% of global cases of pneumococcal disease in children under 5 years old, second only to India [2]. - Approximately 8,000 children under 5 die annually from pneumococcal diseases in China, with a notable percentage of severe cases linked to influenza [2]. Group 2: Challenges in Treatment and Vaccination - The treatment of pneumococcal diseases faces three main challenges: irrational medication use, high drug resistance, and significant economic burden [3]. - In 2021, only 16.13% of infants in China completed the full primary vaccination series for PCV, and 12.47% received a booster dose [3]. Group 3: Public Awareness and Market Potential - There is a significant gap in public understanding of the PCV vaccine, often referred to simply as a "pneumonia vaccine," which limits awareness of its broader protective benefits against various severe diseases [4]. - The market size for pneumococcal vaccines in China grew from 1.4 billion to 8.6 billion from 2015 to 2021, with projections estimating it will reach 43.8 billion by 2030 [4]. Group 4: Recommendations for Improvement - Local pilot programs for vaccination could provide valuable insights and support for nationwide implementation, similar to the successful rollout of the HPV vaccine [5].