Core Insights - The research published by the team from USC Keck School of Medicine demonstrates the successful construction of human kidney organoids with complex three-dimensional structures, which replicate most physiological functions of the kidney and produce urine-like fluids after transplantation [3][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study introduces kidney progenitor assembloids (KPA) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), which exhibit significant advancements in cellular complexity and maturity, successfully mimicking the self-assembly process of kidney progenitor cells observed in vivo [4][5]. - The KPA model allows for high-fidelity disease modeling, specifically creating a model for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which replicates cystic phenotypes and the molecular and cellular characteristics of the disease [5][7]. Group 2: Implications and Applications - This innovative platform for kidney organoids opens new avenues for high-fidelity disease modeling and lays a solid foundation for regenerative medicine in the field of nephrology, with significant implications for drug development and disease simulation [3][7].