Core Viewpoint - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant threat to human life and health, with 130 million patients in China and a prevalence rate of 10.8%, the highest globally [3][4] Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Cell Stem Cell introduces a CAR-T cell therapy targeting extracellular matrix (ECM) producing cells, successfully alleviating fibrosis in CKD and providing a new treatment paradigm for other fibrotic diseases [4][10] - Key ECM-producing cells identified in the kidneys include fibroblasts, pericytes, and myofibroblasts, which play a major role in kidney fibrosis [6][8] - PDGFRβ has been identified as a potential surface antigen for anti-fibrotic CAR-T cell therapy in CKD, with the engineered CAR-T cells showing significant improvement in kidney function and reduction of fibrosis in hypertensive mouse models [6][7] Group 2: Therapeutic Implications - The study demonstrates that PDGFRβ-targeted CAR-T cells can improve pathological conditions related to fibrosis in various CKD models, indicating a promising therapeutic strategy [10] - The research also explores in vivo CAR-T cell therapy using CD5 antibody-modified lipid nanoparticles to deliver PDGFRβ mRNA, effectively generating PDGFRβ-targeted CAR-T cells in vivo, showing good therapeutic effects in mouse models of multi-organ fibrosis [6][7]