Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the critical role of Anxa1 protein in the efferocytosis of macrophages during acute pancreatitis and presents a novel mRNA therapy using nanoliposomes to alleviate the condition by suppressing the STING pathway and promoting efferocytosis [2][8]. Group 1: Acute Pancreatitis Mechanism - Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by necrotic cell death of acinar cells, leading to pancreatic necrosis and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, pro-inflammatory mediators, and chemokines [5]. - During the acute phase of AP, macrophages rapidly clear apoptotic cells through a process known as efferocytosis, which prevents inappropriate inflammatory responses [5]. - Anxa1 protein plays a significant role in efferocytosis by binding to phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells in a calcium-dependent manner, facilitating macrophage phagocytosis [5][6]. Group 2: mRNA Therapy Development - Recent years have seen mRNA-based therapies emerge as a treatment strategy, but their clinical application has been limited due to poor mRNA stability [5]. - Researchers have utilized nanocarriers to enhance the stability and targeting capability of mRNA, with nanoliposomes being used for the delivery of siRNA and mRNA [5]. - The study confirms that the absence of Anxa1 protein eliminates the efferocytosis of pancreatic macrophages, leading to the accumulation and necrosis of apoptotic acinar cells [6]. Group 3: Research Findings - The research team demonstrated that Anxa1 mRNA-loaded nanoliposomes can restore macrophage efferocytosis by inhibiting the cGAMP-cGAS-STING pathway, thereby alleviating the pathological condition of acute pancreatitis [6]. - This study reveals the potential therapeutic value of Anxa1 in the context of acute pancreatitis and showcases a novel nanotechnology approach for treatment [8].