Group 1 - Multinational pharmaceutical companies are increasingly investing in the U.S., with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) committing to invest $30 billion over the next five years, viewing the U.S. as its top priority market [3][4] - Other pharmaceutical companies have also announced significant investments in the U.S., including Eli Lilly's $27 billion, Johnson & Johnson's $55 billion, and Merck's $9 billion plans [3][4][5] - The U.S. pharmaceutical industry heavily relies on overseas supply chains for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and generic drugs, raising concerns about the feasibility of reshoring production [4][6] Group 2 - The U.K. pharmaceutical industry faces significant investment loss risks due to ongoing disputes over drug pricing controls, with the new VPAG scheme requiring companies to return 23.5% to 35.6% of brand drug revenues to the NHS [7][8] - The British pharmaceutical industry association has warned that maintaining high rebate rates could lead to a loss of approximately £11 billion in R&D investment by 2033 [7][8] - Recent actions by multinational companies, such as Merck canceling a £1 billion research hub in London and AstraZeneca pausing expansion plans, highlight the impact of the U.K. government's slow progress on life sciences investment [8]