Core Argument - The article discusses the significance of the concept of "xiang" (象) in ancient Chinese thought, emphasizing its role in the creation and development of various forms of symbolic culture in China [1] Group 1: Concept of "Xiang" - "Xiang" is an important philosophical concept in ancient China, as outlined in the "I Ching" (周易), where it serves as a precursor to the creation of objects [1] - The description of "xiang" by Han Feizi provides insights into the mechanisms of imagination and offers a framework for analyzing abstraction and symbolism [1] Group 2: Abstraction and Symbolism - Abstraction is characterized as a dynamic process rather than a static representation, leading to the creation of symbols [1] - Various forms of symbolic culture have been developed in ancient China, including patterns (rock paintings), artifacts, visual arts, language (including calligraphy), music, and numerical symbols [1] Group 3: Cultural Significance - The most significant cultural creation in China is considered to be Chinese characters and their calligraphic art, which exemplify the spiritual aspect of "xiang" [1] - The analysis of different cultural phenomena's abstract structures provides an alternative perspective for revealing Chinese philosophy [1]