Core Viewpoint - Recent research suggests that quantum mechanics may be rewritten using only real numbers, challenging the long-standing reliance on imaginary numbers in the field [1][7][11]. Group 1: Historical Context - Quantum mechanics was established over a century ago to explain the strange behavior of atoms and fundamental particles, achieving significant success [2]. - The core equations of quantum mechanics include the imaginary unit i, which has been a point of contention among physicists [3][4]. Group 2: Recent Developments - In 2021, a study indicated that imaginary numbers were essential to quantum theory, but subsequent research in 2025 proposed a real-number equivalent that is fully compatible with standard quantum theory [8][11][15]. - Several teams have developed real-number formulations of quantum theory, raising questions about the necessity of imaginary components [15][38]. Group 3: Experimental Evidence - A modified Bell experiment demonstrated that the correlations between entangled particles exceeded the limits set by real-number theories, suggesting that imaginary numbers are crucial for accurate quantum descriptions [30][29]. - Despite statistical evidence supporting the necessity of imaginary numbers, skepticism remains regarding the conclusions drawn from these experiments [31][32]. Group 4: Philosophical Implications - The debate continues over why real-number formulations are more complex and whether they can fully replicate the results of traditional quantum mechanics [42][43]. - Some researchers argue that even if imaginary numbers are not strictly necessary, they provide a more elegant and intuitive framework for quantum mechanics [44][49]. Group 5: Future Directions - Ongoing research aims to uncover the unique properties of quantum mechanics that make imaginary numbers particularly suitable, with some theorists suggesting that spin may play a role [51][52]. - The quest for a simpler axiomatic framework for quantum mechanics continues, as researchers seek to understand why the traditional formulation remains dominant [53].