2020年5月14日，人们在美国纽约一个免费食品发放点排队等待。新华社发（郭克摄） 美国有线电视新闻网报道说，关税及由此引发的物价上涨，对低收入家庭的冲击往往最为严重。与 高收入家庭相比，低收入家庭通常会将收入中更大的比例用于生活开支，这意味着他们对物价变动更为 敏感，受影响程度也更高。 "关税本质上是对美国家庭征收的一种税，"耶鲁大学预算实验室政策分析副主任约翰·里科说，"因 为关税针对的是商品和服务，而非收入，所以对于那些收入中消费占比远高于储蓄占比的人群来说，影 响会更为显著。" 新华社北京9月12日电 美国耶鲁大学预算实验室日前发布报告显示，依据不同贫困衡量标准，美国 政府2025年实施的新关税政策将使生活在贫困中的美国人数量增加65万或87.5万，贫困人口比例将提高 0.2%或0.3%。 2025年5月15日，顾客在美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县罗斯米德市的一家沃尔玛商店内购物。新华社发 （邱晨摄） 美国普查局制定了两种主要贫困指标：官方贫困指标和补充贫困指标。官方贫困指标是一种长期使 用的贫困指标，比较现金收入与通胀指数阈值。补充贫困指标更多考虑了家庭资源和生活成本因素。 报告显示，按照官方贫困指标测算 ...

Core Insights - The new tariff policy implemented by the U.S. government in 2025 is projected to increase the number of Americans living in poverty by 650,000 to 875,000, raising the poverty rate by 0.2% to 0.3% [1] Group 1: Poverty Metrics - The U.S. Census Bureau has two main poverty indicators: the official poverty measure and the supplemental poverty measure [1] - According to the official poverty measure, approximately 875,000 people will fall into poverty due to the new tariffs, including about 375,000 children, raising the poverty rate from 10.4% to 10.7% [1] - Under the supplemental poverty measure, the poverty rate will increase from 12.0% to 12.2%, with an additional 650,000 people affected, including 150,000 children [1] Group 2: Impact of Tariffs - Tariffs are essentially a tax on American households, disproportionately affecting low-income families who spend a larger share of their income on consumption [2] - The average effective tariff rate in the U.S. has risen to 17.4%, the highest level since 1935, due to the tariffs implemented by the Trump administration [2] - A significant portion of the tariffs is currently under legal dispute, with the Supreme Court agreeing to hear a case regarding the legality of these tariffs [2][3]

Core Insights - The new tariff policy implemented by the U.S. government in 2025 is projected to increase the number of Americans living in poverty by 650,000 to 875,000, raising the poverty rate by 0.2% to 0.3% [1] Summary by Categories Poverty Measurement Standards - The U.S. Census Bureau has established two main poverty indicators: the official poverty measure and the supplemental poverty measure [1] - The official poverty measure compares cash income against inflation-adjusted thresholds, while the supplemental measure considers family resources and living costs [1] Impact of Tariff Policy - According to the official poverty measure, approximately 875,000 individuals, including about 375,000 children, will fall into poverty due to the recent tariff measures, increasing the poverty rate from 10.4% to 10.7% [1] - Under the supplemental poverty measure, the poverty rate is expected to rise from 12.0% to 12.2%, with an increase of about 650,000 individuals, including 150,000 children [1] Economic Implications - The report indicates that tariffs directly reduce the purchasing power of low-income households by lowering nominal income or increasing prices, thereby contributing to a higher poverty rate [1]