Core Viewpoint - Chinese scientists have successfully conducted the "recoil slit" thought experiment proposed by Einstein and Bohr in 1927, demonstrating the gradual change in interference contrast of atomic momentum and proving the complementarity principle under the Heisenberg limit [1][2] Group 1: Research Achievements - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China utilized a single rubidium atom trapped by optical tweezers as a "movable slit" to achieve the experiment [2] - The atom was prepared in a three-dimensional motion ground state using Raman sideband cooling technology, reducing its momentum uncertainty to a level comparable to that of a single photon [2] - The experiment showed that after photon recoil, the overlap of the atomic momentum wave function increased, leading to a decrease in entanglement between the photon and the atom, which in turn improved the interference contrast of the photon [2] Group 2: Implications and Future Directions - This research marks the first realization of Einstein's thought experiment at the quantum limit nearly a century after the debate between Einstein and Bohr, utilizing a ground state single atom as a sensitive "movable slit" [2] - The findings contribute to the development of high-precision single-atom manipulation, single atom-single photon entanglement, and interference techniques, laying the groundwork for future exploration of large-scale neutral atom arrays, compressed state error correction coding, and further studies on decoherence and the quantum-to-classical transition [2]