Core Viewpoint - The current Middle East situation is prompting Arab countries to reconsider collective security, making the establishment of a military alliance an urgent necessity following Israel's attack on Qatar's capital, Doha [1] Group 1: Proposed Military Alliance - Egypt proposed the establishment of an Arab military alliance, described as an "Arab version of NATO," during the Arab-Islamic emergency summit held on September 14-15 [3] - The proposed alliance would be headquartered in Cairo and involve a collective defense mechanism covering land, sea, and air forces, with leadership rotating among member states [3] - Initial support for this proposal has been expressed by Iraq, Jordan, and Morocco, with Iraq's Prime Minister emphasizing the need for an Islamic political, security, and economic alliance to counter Israel [3] Group 2: Strategic Defense Agreements - On September 17, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a strategic defense agreement, which includes sensitive nuclear issues, raising significant public interest [4] - The agreement is viewed as a "deterrent umbrella" that allows both countries to utilize their full military capabilities, responding to security demands in the Arab and Islamic world [4] - Qatar has called for decisive actions from Arab nations to establish a joint air defense system, emphasizing that its security is integral to the collective security of the region [4] Group 3: Historical Context and Challenges - The Arab League has previously attempted collective defense through treaties, but current conditions are deemed unfavorable for activation, with a lack of consensus on a common enemy [5] - Historical failures of past alliances, such as the Arab coalition during the 1948 war and the 2015 Arab joint forces plan, highlight the challenges of achieving a unified military response [6] - Key obstacles to forming a military alliance include a lack of political consensus among Arab nations, disparities in military and economic capabilities, and existing security agreements with external powers [8] Group 4: International Reactions and Future Outlook - The U.S. has shown a nuanced stance towards the proposed military alliance, supporting peaceful resolutions while opposing any military alliances that could escalate tensions [9] - Experts suggest that even a loosely organized security communication mechanism could enhance trust and coordination among Arab nations, contributing to regional stability [11] - The emphasis on political and diplomatic unity is seen as the most realistic path forward, with calls for a shift from mere political statements to actionable efforts in response to new threats [10]