Core Insights - The article highlights the significant advancements in equine genetic research led by Jiang Lin and her team at the Beijing Institute of Animal Science, showcasing the unique genetic resources of Chinese horse breeds and their potential for international collaboration in the field of genetics [1][2][3]. Group 1: Research Background and Development - Jiang Lin transitioned from a postdoctoral researcher to a leading figure in equine genetics research, focusing on a previously underexplored area in China [1]. - The research team capitalized on China's unique horse genetic resources, which represent about 10% of the global horse population, to contribute to international studies [1][2]. - Historical groundwork laid by previous scientists in the 1970s and 1980s provided a solid foundation for current research efforts, emphasizing the importance of preserving genetic diversity [2]. Group 2: International Collaboration and Breakthroughs - A pivotal moment occurred in 2017 when Jiang Lin connected with Ludovic Orlando, a leading scholar in ancient DNA research, leading to fruitful collaboration [3]. - The team identified a key genetic mutation (TBX3) responsible for height variations in Chinese horses, which was published in a prominent journal, marking a significant contribution to the field [6][7]. Group 3: Challenges and Achievements - The research faced challenges such as funding limitations and the need for extensive data collection, but the team remained focused on the unique aspects of Chinese horse genetics [2][6]. - The successful publication of their findings in a top-tier journal demonstrates the value of persistence and exploration in a niche research area [7]. - The team's efforts not only advanced scientific knowledge but also aimed to support the conservation and utilization of local horse breeds in China [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the challenges and innovations in equine research led by Professor Wang Qin, focusing on the development of low-cost research tools and the exploration of horse products, particularly horse milk, to find modern value in an ancient industry [1][7]. Group 1: Research Challenges and Innovations - The lack of research funding has led to a talent gap in equine studies in China, prompting Wang to dedicate her efforts to this field [2]. - Wang's team faced significant challenges due to the absence of research tools, particularly in measuring horse dimensions accurately, which are well-developed in foreign countries [3]. - After three years of development, the team created a portable automatic measurement system using a single camera, achieving accuracy comparable to international standards at a fraction of the cost [3][4]. Group 2: Genetic Research and Database Development - The team compiled genomic information from 90 horse populations and nearly 40 breeds, creating the largest horse genome reference database globally [4]. - They developed a low-cost genotyping technology that provides over 95% accuracy for whole-genome information at only 1% of the cost of foreign alternatives [4]. Group 3: Practical Challenges in Field Research - Conducting the third national livestock genetic resource survey revealed the difficulties of measuring horses in mountainous regions, where horses are wary of unfamiliar equipment [5][6]. - The team had to adapt their methods to work around the horses' schedules and behaviors, often requiring significant effort to obtain measurements [6]. Group 4: Exploration of Horse Products - Wang's team is actively researching horse milk, discovering its potential health benefits and high-quality protein content, which could be valuable for various health applications [7]. - Their findings indicate that horse milk has significant restorative effects in various health models, challenging traditional perceptions of its nutritional value [7]. Group 5: Breeding Innovations - The team has developed targeted chips for early screening in breeding, significantly reducing the time and cost associated with traditional breeding methods [8]. - They established equine technology centers focusing on breeding specific horse types, aiming to enhance the overall quality and utility of horse breeds in China [8]. Group 6: Future Directions and Industry Outlook - Wang emphasizes the need for a renewed understanding and positioning of horse products, advocating for a balanced approach to conservation and breeding [9]. - The industry is encouraged to explore specialized breeding for various purposes, such as dual-use for milk and meat, recreational riding, and speed endurance [9]. - Despite ongoing challenges, there is optimism for future advancements in the equine industry [10].