Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing health risks associated with hypertension due to the cold weather affecting northern China, particularly for vulnerable populations [1][2] Group 1: Health Risks and Vulnerable Populations - Cold weather can lead to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, resulting in elevated blood pressure and heart rate, thereby exacerbating cardiovascular burdens [1] - Eight categories of individuals are identified as more susceptible to hypertension, including those with a family history of hypertension, the elderly, individuals with high salt diets, obese individuals (BMI over 28), those under chronic stress, heavy drinkers, diabetes patients (60% of whom may also have hypertension), and those with sleep apnea [1] Group 2: Management and Prevention Strategies - The Beijing CDC recommends that residents aged 35 and above measure their blood pressure at least once a year for early detection and treatment of hypertension [2] - Hypertensive patients on medication should adhere to prescribed treatments and avoid discontinuing medication without medical advice [2] - Non-pharmacological interventions, such as dietary changes and regular exercise, are essential for controlling blood pressure and reducing cardiovascular disease risks [2] - Dietary recommendations include limiting sodium intake to 2 grams per day and incorporating a variety of foods rich in potassium, dietary fiber, whole grains, and quality proteins while reducing saturated fats and sugars [2] - Regular moderate-intensity exercise can lower blood pressure by 5-7 mmHg, with recommendations for at least 30 minutes of aerobic activity 5-7 times a week [2]