Core Viewpoint - A recent study by Chinese medical experts has filled the application gap of CAR-NK therapy in systemic sclerosis (SSc), establishing a new paradigm for "on-demand, low-toxicity, broad-target" precision treatment for autoimmune diseases [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study, led by Professor Xu Huji's team from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, has been published in the prestigious journal Cell, marking a significant advancement in the treatment of systemic sclerosis [1][3]. - CAR-NK therapy utilizes gene engineering to enhance NK cells' ability to recognize and kill tumor cells, significantly improving the specificity and efficacy of NK cell therapy, similar to CAR-T cell therapy [3][4]. Group 2: Disease Context - Autoimmune diseases affect over 8% of the population, with high incidence, disability rates, and treatment costs, posing a significant threat to human health alongside cardiovascular diseases and cancer [3]. - Systemic sclerosis is characterized by vascular abnormalities, immune activation, and progressive tissue fibrosis, presenting challenges in treatment due to limitations in drug efficacy and irreversible fibrosis [3][4]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - The research provides a new strategy for treating refractory systemic sclerosis and validates the treatment concept of "targeted elimination" followed by "regenerative repair," opening new pathways for cell therapy in rheumatic diseases [4][5]. - The study achieved the first successful clinical translation of CAR-NK therapy in patients with refractory systemic sclerosis, resulting in significant improvements in skin sclerosis, tissue fibrosis reversal, and key indicators of lung and heart function [4][5]. Group 4: Mechanism of Action - The research demonstrated the elimination of pathological B cell lineages, leading to immune system reprogramming, and systematically deconstructed the mechanism of CAR-NK therapy in treating systemic sclerosis through multi-omics techniques [5]. - The characteristics of "on-demand, low-toxicity, broad-target" therapy break through the technical bottlenecks of traditional CAR-T therapy, providing an innovative treatment platform with potential for large-scale transformation [5].