Under Trump's "Big Beautiful Bill," Parent PLUS borrowers will be blocked from several debt relief options, unless they take specific steps by certain deadlines to preserve access. Here's what to know. https://t.co/wBEUAZxB4B https://t.co/IRN2ObuH5I ...

Debt Restructuring Disputes - African development banks are in conflict with countries like Ghana and Zambia regarding debt restructuring agreements [1] Driving Factors - The report breaks down the reasons behind the standoff [1] Perspectives - The report includes the banks' perspectives on the situation [1] Outlook - The report explores the possibility of a deal being reached in the future [1]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry discussed Core Insights - Household sector over-indebtedness is a critical issue in Thailand, with the household debt-to-GDP ratio reaching 95.5 percent in 2021Q1 and remaining around 90 percent thereafter, indicating significant risks to financial stability and economic growth [10][11] - The report presents a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach to household deleveraging in Thailand, drawing on international case studies from Brazil, Hungary, Korea, and Malaysia to inform policy recommendations [4][53] Summary by Sections A. Introduction - The household debt in Thailand has been historically high, peaking at 85.9 percent of GDP in 2015 and increasing to 95.5 percent during the pandemic, with a significant share of unsecured loans [10][11] B. Thailand - The Thai government has implemented various measures to support household debt deleveraging, including broad-based assistance during the pandemic and debt restructuring programs [19][21] - As of 2024Q3, non-performing loan (NPL) ratios increased to 3.28 percent, with credit card loans having the highest NPL ratio at 4.61 percent [17][18] C. Brazil - Brazil's household debt surged during the pandemic, with the Debt Service-To-Income (DSTI) ratio peaking at 28 percent in March 2023, and over 40 percent of consumers defaulting on some form of debt [24][25] - The "Desenrola Brasil" program helped over 15 million people renegotiate R$52 billion in overdue debt, reducing the household DSTI ratio to 26.0 percent by June 2024 [28] D. Malaysia - Malaysia's household debt-to-GDP ratio increased from 66 percent in 2008 to 89 percent in 2015, prompting the central bank to implement measures to curb excessive indebtedness [29][30] - The introduction of tiered pricing on credit card interest rates and stricter credit card requirements helped moderate the growth of household debt [32][34] E. Korea - Korea experienced a credit card boom post-Asian financial crisis, leading to a peak in household debt at 62.5 percent of GDP by 2002, followed by significant policy measures to address the crisis [35][38] - The credit card delinquency ratio dropped to 2.6 percent in 2006 from above 10 percent in 2002-2003 due to effective debt restructuring programs [39] F. Hungary - Hungary's household debt peaked at 39.4 percent of GDP in 2010, with significant risks arising from foreign currency loans, leading to extensive state intervention in the banking sector [40][41] - The conversion of foreign currency loans into local currency and the introduction of debt cap regulations helped stabilize the financial situation [43][44] G. Other International Practices - Various international practices for debt rehabilitation and forgiveness are discussed, including the Individual Voluntary Arrangements in Hong Kong and the Personal Insolvency Act in Ireland [46][47] H. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations - A comprehensive approach to household deleveraging is necessary, combining ex-post measures to address existing debt and ex-ante policies to prevent new debt accumulation [53][54] - Emphasis on financial literacy, responsible lending practices, and regulatory measures is crucial to mitigate over-indebtedness risks [57][58]