Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive outlook for the steel and cement sectors in China, suggesting potential benefits from a more supportive policy environment on supply discipline [1][12][13]. Core Insights - There is a renewed policy focus on addressing supply discipline in China, with a call for a unified national market and a crackdown on excessive competition leading to lower prices [1]. - The report highlights that excess capacity in various industries ranges from 30% to 50%, with specific figures for steel and cement being around 30% to 50% [2][11]. - The potential for executing production cuts in the steel sector is noted, with a target of 50 million tons, which could lead to a significant reduction in crude steel output in the second half of 2025 [13][18]. - The cement sector is also undergoing capacity categorization and is targeting a reduction of unauthorized and energy-intensive capacities, which could improve capacity utilization from 50% to 70% [13][14]. Summary by Sections Supply Side Expectations - The report discusses ongoing policy efforts to discourage overly fierce competition and control output in sectors like hog farming and steel, aiming to reverse price deflation trends [12]. - The clarity of future policy guidance remains uncertain, but discussions suggest a more supportive context for executing supply plans in the steel and cement sectors [13]. Excess Capacity Analysis - Excess capacity is a persistent challenge, with estimates indicating that unauthorized excess clinker capacity in the cement industry exceeds 400 million tons, representing nearly 18% of the industry [14][15]. - The report estimates that additional requirements could lead to a targeted exit of 277 to 377 million tons of clinker capacity, further reducing excess capacity [13]. Market Impact - The report anticipates that the execution of steel production cuts could create a meaningful deficit in the market, similar to conditions observed in the second half of 2021, which previously led to margin expansion and reduced exports [18][19]. - The implied spread from rebar futures suggests a potential margin expansion of nearly RMB 200 per ton in the steel sector, indicating a strong possibility of production cuts [16].