Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the increasing adoption of liquid cooling technology in AI data centers, driven by the upcoming release of NVIDIA's GB200 NVL72 server in 2025, which is expected to significantly enhance the penetration rate of liquid cooling from 14% in 2024 to 33% in 2025, with continued growth in subsequent years [1][3] Group 2 - TrendForce indicates that the power consumption of GPUs and ASIC chips in AI servers has significantly increased, with the NVIDIA GB200/GB300 NVL72 system having a thermal design power (TDP) of 130kW-140kW, surpassing the limits of traditional air cooling systems, leading to the initial adoption of Liquid-to-Air (L2A) cooling technology [3] - Due to the limitations of existing data center structures and water circulation facilities, L2A will serve as the mainstream transitional cooling solution in the short term, while Liquid-to-Liquid (L2L) architecture is expected to accelerate in popularity starting in 2027, providing higher efficiency and stable thermal management capabilities [3] - Major cloud service providers (CSPs) in North America are ramping up AI infrastructure, initiating a new wave of data center expansions in North America, Europe, and Asia, with companies like Google and AWS already implementing liquid cooling-capable modular buildings in various locations [3] Group 3 - The rising penetration of liquid cooling is driving demand for cooling modules, heat exchange systems, and peripheral components, with cold plates being a core component, supplied by companies such as Cooler Master, AVC, BOYD, and Auras, with three of them expanding liquid cooling capacity in Southeast Asia to meet high demand from US CSP clients [4] - Fluid distribution units (CDUs) are critical modules in liquid cooling systems responsible for heat transfer and coolant distribution, categorized into In-row and Sidecar types, with Sidecar CDU currently being the market leader, and Delta being the leading supplier [4] - Quick disconnects (QDs) are essential components in liquid cooling systems, ensuring the safety and stability of the cooling architecture, with the NVIDIA GB200 project being led by major international companies such as CPC, Parker Hannifin, Danfoss, and Staubli, leveraging existing certification systems and advanced application experience [5]