Inflation Trends - Inflation has continued to cool, with World Economy Weighted Inflation decreasing from 4.4% to 3.3% in 2025, aided by low supply chain pressures and moderated wage growth [1][4] - The setup for an inflationary spike similar to 2021/22 is not present, as global money growth is rising but velocity is falling [2] Economic Conditions - Inflation in the 2-4% range is favorable for equities, providing companies with pricing power and top-line growth, but concerns arise when inflation approaches 4% [3] - The U.S. faces higher inflation risks due to aggressive fiscal spending, erosion of central bank independence, and a positive output gap, while other countries like Germany, Japan, France, and Canada have negative gaps [4][5] Long-term Inflation Outlook - Inflation has eroded purchasing power by over 20% in the past four years, and while portfolio returns have kept pace, long-term inflation is expected to be higher and more volatile than in the 2010s [6] - Secular factors are becoming more inflationary, with globalization trends shifting from disinflationary to inflationary due to tariffs and supply chain diversification [7] Policy and Debt Implications - Erosion of central bank independence poses risks for monetary policy effectiveness, particularly in the U.S. and some developing countries, while fiscal spending is rising globally, which may increase inflation [8] - Total debt is disinflationary as it crowds out investment, and significant levels of debt exist in the economy [9] Technological Impact - Technology that enhances productivity is generally disinflationary, but current capital expenditures on AI infrastructure are inflationary, contributing to inflationary cyclicality [10] Investment Strategies - To mitigate the risks of higher and more volatile inflation, equities, especially those with dividend growth, are recommended as a defense, along with real asset exposure [11]