Core Viewpoint - The debate between "paying in full" and "30-year mortgage" continues, impacting the quality of life and wealth planning for ordinary families [1] Economic Costs - The main advantage of paying in full is "zero interest," with a 1 million yuan loan at a 3.5% annual interest rate resulting in approximately 610,000 yuan in interest over 30 years, increasing total costs by 60% [2] - Full payment buyers often receive discounts of 2%-5% from developers, with some second-hand sellers lowering prices, such as a 500 million yuan property saving 100,000 yuan with a 2% discount [2] - Mortgage buyers can use "time leverage" to hedge against inflation, as the real burden of monthly payments decreases over time, especially if remaining funds are invested in products yielding 5% annually [4] - However, in an amortized repayment model, over 60% of payments in the first 10 years are interest, highlighting the "interest trap" [4] Liquidity of Funds - Full payment buyers lock significant funds into real estate, facing liquidity risks if emergencies arise, as seen in a case where a homeowner had to sell at a 15% discount and still couldn't sell after six months [5] - Mortgage buyers retain more emergency funds; for instance, a 30% down payment on a 500 million yuan property requires only 150 million yuan upfront, leaving 350 million yuan for investment or savings [5] - If this remaining amount is invested in stable products yielding 4%, it can cover part of the monthly mortgage, but investment failures or income interruptions pose risks, with a 2.3 percentage point increase in mortgage default rates among buyers under 30 since five years ago [5] Psychological Pressure - Full payment buyers report stronger feelings of security, with some indicating improved sleep quality due to the absence of debt [6] - However, this security may come with opportunity costs, as a decline in property value can lead to greater asset depreciation for full payment buyers [6] - Mortgage buyers experience ongoing pressure, with some reporting that monthly payments consume 60% of their income, affecting their lifestyle choices [6] - A bank survey indicates that after five years of repayment, 76% of mortgage holders feel their financial pressure is manageable [6] Decision-Making Recommendations - Experts suggest that buyers should consider three factors: 1. Financial reserves: If liquid assets cover full payment with over six months of emergency funds, full payment may be viable; otherwise, a mortgage is safer [7] 2. Investment capability: If stable returns exceed the loan interest rate (e.g., over 4%), a mortgage can enhance wealth; otherwise, full payment is more advantageous [9] 3. Risk tolerance: Conservative families may prefer full payment to avoid uncertainty, while aggressive families might use mortgages to expand asset size [9] Current Policy Environment - The policy landscape is also crucial, with first-time home loan rates dropping to 3.15% in 2025 and increased public housing loan limits, easing mortgage access [8] - However, the real estate market is becoming more polarized, with declining liquidity in some third and fourth-tier cities, increasing depreciation risks for full payment buyers [8] - Ultimately, neither payment method is inherently superior; the choice depends on individual circumstances, emphasizing the need for long-term financial health over short-term temptations [8]

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