Core Insights - The article discusses the limitations of current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models that primarily rely on 2D visual data, lacking a deep understanding of real 3D space, which hampers their ability to perform tasks in the physical world [2][4] - The proposed method, Spatial Forcing (SF), allows VLA models to develop spatial understanding without explicit 3D input by aligning visual features with a powerful 3D geometric representation generated by an external model [2][10] Methodology - The SF method employs an implicit spatial alignment strategy, enabling the model to autonomously acquire spatial understanding during training without the need for additional 3D sensors [2][13] - A depth probing experiment was conducted to verify the presence of 3D information in the original VLA's visual features, revealing that without 3D input, the model cannot form accurate spatial perceptions [11][13] - The training process involves aligning the VLA model's visual tokens with pixel-level spatial representations extracted from a pre-trained 3D model, optimizing both spatial alignment loss and action generation loss [16] Performance Results - The SF method significantly outperforms existing 2D and 3D VLA models in various tasks, achieving a training efficiency improvement of up to 3.8 times and a data utilization efficiency increase of up to 5.9 times [14] - In experiments, the Spatial Forcing model achieved a success rate of 99.4% in spatial tasks, 99.6% in object tasks, and 98.8% in goal tasks, demonstrating its superior performance compared to other models [18]