Learn how and when to convert tax-deferred accounts to a Roth IRA, the tax implications, the 5-year rule, and smart strategies like laddering or backdoor Roth conversions. https://t.co/2ev2AXuyi5 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the feasibility and implications of converting a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA for individuals aged 65 and older, emphasizing that there are no legal restrictions based on age or income [2] - It highlights the tax implications and benefits of Roth conversions, particularly the potential for tax-free withdrawals in retirement [3][4] Group 1: Roth Conversion Basics - A Roth IRA conversion involves transferring funds from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, requiring the payment of income tax on the converted amount now, but allowing for tax-free withdrawals in retirement [3] - Traditional IRAs are subject to required minimum distributions (RMDs) starting at age 73, which can increase tax liabilities in retirement, while Roth IRAs do not have RMDs [4] Group 2: Timing Considerations - The timing of a Roth conversion is crucial; converting sooner allows for more years of tax-free growth in the Roth account [7] - Converting a large IRA can push individuals into higher tax brackets, potentially incurring a top marginal tax rate of 37% on the conversion amount [8] - Gradual conversions can help manage tax liabilities by spreading the income increase over several years, thus avoiding the top marginal tax rate [9] Group 3: Withdrawal Rules - Funds from a Roth IRA cannot be withdrawn without penalty within five years of conversion, and each gradual conversion restarts the five-year rule for that portion [10]

ETF Innovation & Tax Strategy - Atoria Portfolio Advisors is working on a large cap 351 fund, a relatively new concept in the ETF space based on tax code from the 1950s [2] - A 351 fund allows investors, at the ETF's launch, to provide a portfolio of securities meeting diversification guidelines in exchange for the fund, enabling tax-free diversification [3] - This strategy addresses overconcentration issues, particularly in stocks that have increased significantly in value, such as Nvidia which was trading at $30 per share at the start of 2022 [4] Market Popularity & Application - 351 funds are gaining popularity due to significant overconcentration in stocks, especially in the tech sector, with approximately 15 to 20 such funds launched [5][6] - These funds also offer solutions for legacy issues, such as inherited stock or large insider holdings [6] - The strategy is becoming more well-known, with expectations for increased adoption in the future [6]