Summary of Merck & Co (NYSE:MRK) FY Conference - November 14, 2025 Industry Overview - The discussion focused on the vaccine industry, particularly vaccine access, development, and public trust in vaccination [2][18][22]. Key Points and Arguments Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Trust - Vaccine hesitancy has increased from approximately 5% to 10% among parents over the last five years, although the majority still choose vaccination for their children [3][4]. - Trust in healthcare professionals remains high, with pediatricians being the most trusted source of information for parents [4][5]. - Broader societal and political divides contribute to vaccine hesitancy, particularly regarding seasonal vaccinations like COVID-19 [4][12]. Value and Access in Vaccination - The value and access functions in the pharmaceutical industry focus on demonstrating the value of vaccines and ensuring patient access [6][7]. - Effective communication with healthcare decision-makers is crucial, emphasizing the broader societal benefits of vaccines, such as productivity gains and educational attainment [9][10]. - A dollar invested in vaccines can yield a return of $20 to $50, highlighting the economic value of vaccination [10]. Global Vaccine Access and Innovation - The Vaccines for Children Program provides zero-cost coverage for 50% of American children, indicating good access to pediatric vaccines [19][20]. - In a constrained pricing environment, maintaining incentives for innovation while ensuring vaccine accessibility is a challenge [22][23]. - Creative solutions, such as public-private partnerships and advanced market commitments, can help balance pricing and access [24][25]. Surveillance and Equity in Vaccine Distribution - Improved global surveillance can enhance equitable vaccine manufacturing and distribution, as seen in historical examples like smallpox eradication [28][30]. - Regionalizing vaccine manufacturing could address equity issues and improve response times during outbreaks [30]. Practical Barriers to Vaccine Implementation - Clinicians face practical barriers such as time constraints during patient visits, which can hinder discussions about vaccination [33][34]. - Workflow considerations, including vaccine storage and availability, are critical for successful vaccine implementation [34][35]. Future Directions in Vaccine Development - New understandings of immune tolerance and regulatory T cells could shape the next generation of vaccines [36][37]. - The importance of investing in surveillance, basic science research, and clinical trial infrastructure is emphasized for pandemic preparedness [44][46]. Communication of Vaccine Value - Communicating the broader societal and economic value of vaccines to payers and policymakers is essential for gaining support [38][39]. - A holistic approach to defining vaccine value, beyond just cost, is necessary to engage various stakeholders effectively [38][39]. Anticipatory R&D and Vaccine Platforms - There is a need for anticipatory R&D pipelines to prepare for future pandemics and neglected diseases, focusing on surveillance and environmental monitoring [44][46]. - The potential for developing vaccines that target multiple pathogens could revolutionize preventive healthcare [45][70]. Other Important Insights - The role of trusted local voices, such as pediatricians and community leaders, is crucial in translating vaccine policies into actionable information for parents [50][51]. - The integration of AI in vaccine development and public health messaging could enhance understanding and trust in vaccination [60][63]. This summary encapsulates the critical discussions and insights from the Merck & Co FY Conference, highlighting the complexities and opportunities within the vaccine industry.

Summary of Vaccine Access and Development Panel Discussion Industry Focus - **Industry**: Vaccine Development and Public Health Key Points and Arguments Vaccine Hesitancy and Public Trust - Vaccine hesitancy has increased from approximately 5% to 10% among parents over the last five years, although the majority still choose vaccination for their children [3][4] - Trust in healthcare professionals remains high, with pediatricians being the most trusted source of information for parents [4][5] - Broader societal and political divides contribute to vaccine hesitancy, particularly regarding seasonal vaccinations like COVID-19 [2][4] Value and Access in Vaccination - The value and access functions in the pharmaceutical industry focus on demonstrating the value of vaccines and ensuring patient access [6][7] - Effective communication with healthcare decision-makers is crucial, emphasizing the broader societal benefits of vaccines, such as productivity gains and educational attainment [9][10] - A dollar invested in vaccines can yield a return of $20 to $50, highlighting the economic value of vaccination [10] Barriers to Vaccine Access - Access to vaccines is generally good in the pediatric space, with programs like Vaccines for Children covering 50% of American children [19][20] - However, access to information and healthcare remains a challenge, leading to pockets of under-vaccinated children [20] Global Vaccine Economics - The economics of biopharmaceuticals are complex, with high costs and risks associated with bringing vaccines to market [21][22] - Innovative partnerships and pricing strategies are necessary to maintain incentives for vaccine development while ensuring accessibility [23][24] Importance of Surveillance - Improved global surveillance can enhance equitable vaccine manufacturing and distribution, as seen in the eradication of smallpox [26][29] - Surveillance can help identify outbreaks and inform targeted vaccination efforts [29] Practical Barriers in Clinical Settings - Time constraints during patient visits can hinder discussions about vaccination, impacting implementation [32][33] - Workflow considerations, such as vaccine storage and availability, are critical for successful vaccination programs [33] Future Directions in Vaccine Development - Advances in understanding immune tolerance and regulatory T cells may shape the next generation of vaccines [34][35] - The potential for AI to analyze vast amounts of data could enhance vaccine development and public health messaging [62][63] Anticipatory R&D for Pandemic Preparedness - Investment in disease surveillance and basic science research is essential for anticipating future health threats [42][43] - The development of vaccines that can target multiple pathogens is a promising area for future research [45] Conclusion - The panel emphasized the need for collaboration among stakeholders, effective communication, and innovative strategies to enhance vaccine access and public trust in vaccination efforts [50][68]