Core Thesis - Madison Square Garden Sports Corp (MSGS) presents a compelling investment opportunity due to its significant market cap discount compared to the intrinsic value of its sports franchises [2][5] Valuation and Market Comparison - MSGS's market cap is approximately $5 billion, while the conservative valuation of its teams, the New York Knicks and Rangers, is around $11 billion, indicating a 50% discount [2] - As of September 19, MSGS's share price was $213.62, with a forward P/E ratio of 133.51 [1] Investment Potential - If the teams appreciate at an annual rate of 10-12%, purchasing MSGS at half price could yield an effective compounding rate of 20-24% per year, potentially doubling the investment every 3.5 years [3] - Over a 35-year period, this could result in a tenfold increase in investment value, turning $1,000 into $1 million or $100,000 into $100 million [3] Long-term Perspective - The investment in MSGS requires a long-term perspective, as the value of sports teams tends to appreciate over time, making it suitable for long-term investment strategies [4] - Even if the market discount persists, the underlying teams continue to appreciate, providing a rationale for maintaining a small position with a long-term horizon [4] Previous Research Insights - Previous analyses, such as those from Boyar Research, highlighted the valuation gap and potential catalysts for unlocking hidden value, reinforcing the bullish outlook on MSGS [5]

Core Insights - The Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF (NASDAQ: VXUS) has experienced a 27% increase year-to-date through October 3, 2025, marking its best performance in years after averaging only 5.8% annually since 2011. This raises the question of whether there is still value in this ETF after such a strong run [1] - International stocks are trading at 16.2 times earnings compared to 28 times for the S&P 500, indicating a 42% discount that reflects fundamental differences rather than market inefficiencies. Investors need to understand the reasons behind this valuation gap and the factors that contributed to the 2025 reversal after years of underperformance [1][6] Valuation Gap - The valuation gap between U.S. and international stocks is not arbitrary, as U.S. companies achieve average returns on equity above 20%, while European firms average around 12% and emerging markets hover around 10%. U.S. businesses dominate high-margin sectors like technology and healthcare, while international indices are heavily weighted in banks, industrials, and energy, which have lower profitability [3] - The geographic composition of the fund includes 8,621 holdings, with approximately 40% in Europe, 30% in Pacific developed markets, and 30% in emerging markets. Major holdings include Nestlé, Samsung, ASML, and Taiwan Semiconductor, but these companies have smaller weights in the fund compared to dominant U.S. firms like Apple or Microsoft [4] Currency and Structural Factors - Currency risk is another factor contributing to the discount, as the fund does not hedge against currency fluctuations, meaning a strengthening dollar can directly reduce returns. These structural realities explain why international stocks have traded at lower valuations for an extended period [5] Changes in 2025 - Three significant shifts have driven international equities in 2025: a weakening dollar, which has decreased by approximately 10% to 11% in the first half of the year, reducing currency headwinds for foreign assets; targeted stimulus measures and relaxed property constraints in China aimed at spurring investment; and signs of economic stabilization in Europe, with euro-zone factories returning to growth, raising optimism for potential earnings surprises [6][7] - The 27% rally in 2025 reflects not only the weakening dollar trends and China's reopening but also a valuation mean reversion [6]

Core Viewpoint - Alphabet's stock presents a compelling investment opportunity due to a favorable court ruling, strong fundamentals, and a significant valuation gap compared to peers, suggesting potential for 50% upside in share price [1][8][16]. Group 1: Court Ruling and Market Reaction - A federal judge's ruling in September 2025 protected Google's Chrome from forced divestiture, leading to a 7% increase in shares during after-hours trading [3][2]. - The ruling alleviated regulatory concerns, enhancing investor confidence and revitalizing the investment case for Alphabet [2][17]. Group 2: Valuation and Comparison - Alphabet's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is 22, significantly lower than Amazon's 35 and Microsoft's 37, indicating a valuation gap that analysts find puzzling given Google's strong fundamentals [6][7]. - If Alphabet's valuation were to align with peers at a P/E of 35, the stock could exceed $320, representing approximately 50% upside from current levels [8]. Group 3: Growth Drivers - Google's cloud division is a key growth engine, with Q2 2025 revenue increasing by 31.7% year-on-year to $13.62 billion [11]. - Strategic partnerships, such as with NVIDIA, and a robust global infrastructure position Google Cloud as the third-largest provider in market share [12]. Group 4: Long-Term Outlook - Analysts maintain a bullish long-term outlook for Google, citing diversified revenue streams across digital advertising, cloud services, and AI as factors for resilience [13]. - Alphabet's consistent earnings and strategic acquisitions, including YouTube and Nest Labs, contribute to ongoing innovation and shareholder value [13]. Group 5: Regulatory Environment - While regulatory risks persist, analysts believe that the worst-case scenarios are already reflected in the current share price, making the risk manageable [14]. - The recent court ruling indicates a judicial understanding of the complexities involved in regulating integrated tech platforms, which may benefit Google in the future [15].