Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported a strong quarter with an industry-leading AFFO per share and a modest increase in the full-year outlook for new leasing activity and escalations [5][10] - The adjusted timing of the Millicom acquisition negatively impacted the current site leasing revenue outlook by $4 million and tower cash flow by $3 million [13][16] - The total debt at the end of the quarter was $12.8 billion, with a net debt of $12.3 billion, resulting in a leverage ratio of 6.2 times net debt to adjusted EBITDA [21][22] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The services business saw an 81% increase in revenue in Q3 compared to the prior year, primarily driven by construction-related projects focused on network expansion [5][10] - Domestic organic leasing revenue growth was 5.3% on a gross basis and 1.6% on a net basis, with churn at 3.7% [13][16] - International organic leasing revenue growth was 8.5% on a gross basis, calculated on a constant currency basis [15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company has a total of over 46,000 tower sites worldwide, representing a 40% increase since 2020 [8] - The backlog of leasing activity remains healthy and steady compared to the previous quarter [5] - The company acquired 447 sites for approximately $143 million during Q3, primarily related to the Millicom acquisition [15] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focusing on being a leading tower company in each market and aligning more directly with leading wireless operators [8] - A new long-term agreement with Verizon supports the company's strategy for network modernization and operational efficiencies [9] - The company is changing its financial policy to reduce the target leverage range to six to seven turns of net debt to adjusted EBITDA, aiming for investment-grade debt [17][20] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - The macro environment for mobile broadband growth is supportive, with increasing 5G use cases and mobile data traffic driving network investment [11][12] - Management expressed confidence in the future growth potential, particularly with the new agreement with Verizon and ongoing demand for services [5][10] - The company anticipates a significant reduction in international churn over the next couple of years as market consolidations stabilize [71] Other Important Information - The company has $1.3 billion remaining on its share repurchase authorization and has spent $325 million to repurchase 1.6 million shares so far in 2025 [10][21] - A quarterly dividend of $1.11 per share was declared, representing a 13% increase over the previous year's dividend [22][23] - Marc DeRussy, Vice President of Finance, announced his retirement at the end of the year, with Louis Friend set to take over [12][23] Q&A Session Summary Question: Impact of Verizon MLA on new leasing revenue - The Verizon agreement includes components for colocations and amendments, with a minimum commitment for growth over the next 10 years [27][28] Question: Current status of DISH payments - DISH is current on their rents, and the company expects them to honor their agreements [28][29] Question: Structure of the Verizon deal compared to AT&T - The Verizon deal is more linear and tied directly to activity, unlike the AT&T deal [30][31] Question: T-Mobile agreement status - The company has a good relationship with T-Mobile and expects to negotiate a new agreement as the current one expires [98] Question: Sustainability of the services business trend - The services business is expected to continue growing, with potential for broader relationships, particularly with Verizon [100][102] Question: Regulatory delays in acquisitions - Regulatory delays were primarily related to the Millicom acquisition, with challenges in markets where the company has significant market share [81][84]

Core Industry Insights - Mobile data consumption in the U.S. is projected to increase by approximately 35% year-over-year in 2024, continuing a trend of doubling every 2 to 3 years, necessitating a significant increase in network capacity and cell sites [1][60] - The tower industry benefits from financially strong customers who invest in their networks to meet rising mobile data demand, driving greater demand for tower portfolios [2][10] - The demand for mobile data is expected to continue rising rapidly, with a need for network densification and expansion to accommodate this growth [5][60] Financial Performance - The company reported a nearly 8% year-over-year growth in total revenue, driven by strong organic growth and contributions from U.S. services and CoreSite [13][14] - Attributable AFFO per share as adjusted grew approximately 10% year-over-year, supported by robust EBITDA growth and disciplined cost management [14][17] - The company raised its full-year outlook across key financial metrics, including property revenue and adjusted EBITDA, primarily due to favorable FX impacts and U.S. services outperformance [18][21] Strategic Initiatives - The company is focused on optimizing long-term value creation through strategic priorities such as maximizing organic growth, expanding margins, and disciplined capital allocation [10][12] - The company has generated approximately 300 basis points of adjusted EBITDA margin expansion since 2020, with expectations for continued improvements [11][39] - A capital plan for 2025 includes approximately $3.2 billion in dividends and $1.7 billion in capital expenditures, with a focus on developed markets [23][56] Market Trends and Opportunities - The company is optimistic about the opportunities presented by AI-driven mobile data demand and is closely monitoring developments in satellite-based networks [5][60] - Leasing activity remains robust, with approximately 75% of towers upgraded with 5G equipment, indicating significant growth potential as carriers complete their 5G rollouts [6][10] - The international market is also seeing strong investment in 4G and 5G networks, particularly in emerging markets, positioning the company for future growth [7][10] Customer and Competitive Landscape - The company has a modest exposure to UScellular, representing less than 1% of U.S. revenue, with a significant portion up for renewal next year [48] - The company is currently engaged in a legal dispute with AT&T Mexico regarding tower rent calculations, with expectations to prevail in arbitration [19][20] - The company remains disciplined in capital allocation, prioritizing dividends and internal CapEx while evaluating M&A opportunities against share buybacks [56][57]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total revenue grew nearly 8% year-over-year, driven by steady consolidated organic growth in the mid-single digits and strong contributions from U.S. services and CoreSite [15][16] - Adjusted EBITDA also grew nearly 8% year-over-year, complemented by 20 basis points of cash margin expansion [15] - Attributable AFFO per share as adjusted grew approximately 10% year-over-year, supported by robust EBITDA growth and disciplined management of below-the-line costs [15][16] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated property revenue grew nearly 6% year-over-year, with U.S. and Canada property revenue flat year-over-year and international property revenue growing approximately 12% year-over-year [16][17] - Data center property revenue grew over 14%, driven by record retail new leasing and consistent pricing growth [16][17] - Consolidated organic tenant billings growth was 5%, with U.S. and Canada segment growing approximately 4% organically [17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Mobile data consumption in the U.S. increased approximately 35% year-over-year, indicating a strong demand for mobile data and a need for increased network capacity [8][9] - Approximately 75% of the company's towers have been upgraded with 5G equipment, with significant growth opportunities remaining as carriers complete their 5G rollouts [10] - International markets, especially in Africa and APAC, showed double-digit growth, while Europe and Latin America experienced steady mid-single-digit and low-single-digit growth, respectively [17] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company focuses on four strategic priorities: optimizing long-term value creation, maximizing organic growth, expanding margins, and disciplined capital allocation [12][13] - The company aims to leverage its unmatched portfolio of assets to benefit from increasing mobile data consumption and demand for interconnection-rich data centers [11][24] - The capital allocation philosophy prioritizes dividends, internal CapEx, and evaluating M&A opportunities against share buybacks [65][68] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about the industry landscape, highlighting the benefits of carrier consolidation and increased mobile data consumption [6][9] - The company raised its full-year outlook across key financial metrics, supported by FX tailwinds and U.S. services outperformance [15][16] - Management noted that the demand for mobile data will require a doubling in overall network capacity over the next five years, driving robust levels of leasing activity [8][9] Other Important Information - The company reached a positive interim agreement with AT&T Mexico regarding previously withheld payments, which will resume monthly payments going forward [20] - The arbitration regarding the legal dispute with AT&T Mexico is scheduled for August 2026, with expectations of future reserves until the arbitration is settled [21] Q&A Session Summary Question: Services revenue continues to come in above expectations. How does that factor into deployments in 2026? - Management noted a healthy pipeline of activity in services, indicating robust carrier activity and a continued build-out of 5G networks [26][27] Question: How are you thinking about the relevance of your tower portfolio for supporting higher frequency bands? - Management expressed excitement about new spectrum bands coming to market, emphasizing that towers will be essential for deploying these bands [31][32] Question: Can you provide details on the cost optimization program? - Management highlighted that cost efficiencies are a strategic priority, with incremental improvements expected rather than a step function change [42][44] Question: What is the outlook for the data center business? - Management indicated sustained double-digit growth is possible, driven by increased demand for hybrid cloud deployments [48][50] Question: How do you view the potential impact of new spectrum sales on densification demand? - Management stated that more spectrum typically leads to network augmentations, which are monetizable events, and emphasized the need for densification over time [71][73]

Summary of SBA Communications (SBAC) 2025 Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: SBA Communications (SBAC) - **Industry**: Telecommunications Infrastructure Key Points Financial Performance and Capital Allocation - SBA Communications reported an EBITDA of approximately $1 billion, with capital allocation including €425 million for dividends, $435 million for cash interest expenses, €35 million for cash taxes, and about €50 million for maintenance CapEx [4][5] - The company has around $675 million to $700 million available for annual cash allocation, emphasizing the importance of strategic capital allocation to create shareholder value [5] - In 2023, SBA utilized $100 million for share buybacks and $500 million to pay down debt, with a balanced approach in previous years [5] - A significant M&A deal worth $975 million was signed in Central America, expected to enhance long-term value despite a slight increase in leverage [6][10] Strategic Focus and Market Position - The company is focusing on opportunistic capital allocation rather than aggressive expansion into new markets, given the current valuation environment in the U.S. [10][12] - SBA has undergone a strategic portfolio review, optimizing its presence in markets where it can achieve better returns, including the sale of towers in Canada due to challenges in scaling operations there [14][16] - The company is positioned as a leading tower company, with a focus on maintaining strong relationships with operators to support their technology rollouts [13][34] Leasing Activity and Growth Outlook - SBA has seen an increase in leasing activity, with expectations for organic growth in the second half of the year and into 2026 [17][20] - The company anticipates a top-line growth rate of about 3% from escalators and lease-ups, with overall growth projected in the mid-single digits [34][36] - The impact of recent spectrum transactions, such as EchoStar selling spectrum to AT&T, is viewed as a short-term disruption but potentially beneficial for long-term industry health [24][26] International Operations - SBA is optimistic about its operations in Brazil, citing strong economic fundamentals and a growing demand for 5G infrastructure [43][45] - The company is cautious about its exposure to Oi Wireless, anticipating a loss of $20 million in annual revenue as the company is expected to struggle [45][47] - Operations in Africa, particularly in Tanzania and South Africa, are performing well, with growth driven by government initiatives to expand coverage [51][52] Competitive Landscape and Future Opportunities - The company views LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite constellations as complementary to existing fixed wireless networks rather than a direct threat [53][54] - SBA's long-term growth is expected to be driven by increasing demand for wireless capacity, with significant opportunities arising from new spectrum becoming available [62][64] - The company emphasizes the importance of maintaining a flexible capital allocation strategy to adapt to changing market conditions and interest rates [60][61] Risks and Considerations - SBA's revenue exposure to EchoStar is approximately $55 million annually, representing about 2% of global revenues, with potential churn expected in the coming years [28][42] - The company is mindful of the impact of interest rates on its operations and stock performance, indicating a need for nimbleness in capital allocation [60][61] Conclusion SBA Communications is strategically focusing on optimizing its capital allocation, enhancing shareholder value through share buybacks and debt reduction, while maintaining a strong market position in the telecommunications infrastructure sector. The company is optimistic about its growth prospects, particularly in international markets, while being cautious of potential disruptions from industry changes and economic conditions.

Summary of American Tower (AMT) 2025 Conference Call Company Overview - **Company**: American Tower Corporation (AMT) - **Date**: September 03, 2025 - **Speaker**: Steve Vondrin, President and CEO Key Industry Insights - **Industry**: Telecommunications Infrastructure - **Market Growth**: Mobile data growth in developed markets is projected to be in the range of 15% to 20%, with emerging markets potentially exceeding this range [6][7] - **Investment Horizon**: Carrier customers are expected to continue investing heavily in infrastructure, driving long-term growth for American Tower [7] Core Strategic Priorities 1. **Maximizing Organic Growth**: Focus on organic growth as the primary driver of shareholder value [3][4] 2. **Selective Capital Deployment**: Capital will be deployed primarily in developed markets to enhance the portfolio and create more sellable assets [4] 3. **Cost Management**: A disciplined approach to cost management aims to keep costs growing slower than revenue, even in an inflationary environment [5][69] 4. **Balance Sheet Optimization**: The company is focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet to withstand market volatility and have available capital for investment opportunities [5][6] Portfolio Optimization - **Emerging Markets Challenges**: The company has faced challenges in emerging markets due to carrier consolidation, one-off events, and foreign exchange (FX) volatility [10][14][15] - **Divestitures**: American Tower has divested from India and other non-core markets, reducing the share of AFFO from emerging markets from 40% to 25% [15][16] - **Operational Excellence**: The company claims to be the best operator in every continent it operates, allowing it to charge a premium for its services [9] Financial Performance and Guidance - **Leasing Activity**: The company is experiencing robust leasing activity, with a strong pipeline expected to grow towards the end of the year [30][32] - **Organic Growth Projections**: Long-term growth in developed markets is expected to be mid-single digits, with low single-digit growth anticipated in Latin America for the next couple of years [56][61] - **AFFO Growth**: The company aims for mid to upper single-digit AFFO per share growth over time, despite current headwinds from FX and refinancing [76][77] Capital Allocation Strategy - **Dividend Priority**: The first obligation is to pay dividends, with an expected allocation of approximately $3.2 billion [88] - **Opportunistic Buybacks**: The company is open to opportunistic share buybacks but does not plan for programmatic buybacks [89] Emerging Trends and Future Outlook - **Technological Drivers**: The growth of AI and fixed wireless technology is expected to create new demand for infrastructure, potentially accelerating densification needs [72][74] - **Long-term Investment Perspective**: The company emphasizes that the tower business is a long-term investment, driven by increasing mobile connectivity and new growth drivers [91][92] Conclusion - **Business Model Strength**: American Tower believes that the tower business model remains one of the best, with numerous growth drivers expected to sustain demand for decades [91][92]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company raised its outlook for property revenue, EBITDA, and AFFO due to strong demand and favorable FX tailwinds [4][19] - Consolidated property revenue grew 1.2% year over year, with a more than 3% increase when excluding non-cash straight-line revenue [15] - Adjusted EBITDA grew 1.8% year over year, approximately 4.5% when excluding non-cash straight-line revenue [16] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The U.S. services business had a near-record quarter, with application volumes among the big three customers up over 50% year over year [12][13] - The data center business, particularly CoreSite, saw over 13% revenue growth, driven by hybrid cloud demand and AI-related use cases [15][16] - Colocations increased by 200% year over year, indicating a shift towards densification [12][97] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - In developed markets (U.S., Canada, Europe), mobile traffic growth rates are expected to slightly outpace global averages over the next five years [6] - The Africa business showed robust growth due to stabilized lower churn and better consumer pricing, while Latin America is expected to see low single-digit growth through 2027 [8][9] - The company anticipates a modest increase in its outlook for Brazil due to market stabilization and improved carrier economics [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to benefit from the durability of tower leasing and growing mobile data demand trends, focusing on capital allocation and maintaining a high-quality balance sheet [11] - The strategic focus includes prioritizing funding for CoreSite and maintaining a disciplined approach to capital allocation [10][11] - The company plans to continue enhancing its service offerings and expanding its tower footprint to capture new business opportunities [5][11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in sustaining growth through the second half of the year, driven by resilient demand across the global portfolio [12] - The company noted that while there are timing delays in customer commencements, the overall leasing pipeline remains healthy [30][31] - Management expects churn to trend down as the company moves past the final year of Sprint churn [52] Other Important Information - The company issued €500 million in senior unsecured notes to strengthen its balance sheet, with net leverage standing at 5.1 times [14] - The revised capital plans for 2025 include approximately $1.7 billion in capital expenditures, reflecting a slight decrease from prior expectations [23] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you elaborate on the domestic leasing observations and the impact of delays in commencements? - Management indicated that while application volumes are healthy, one customer is experiencing a slower conversion to commencements, which may affect the second half of the year but does not indicate a pullback in overall demand [26][29][30] Question: What is the exposure to US Cellular and DISH? - US Cellular represents less than 0.5% of global property revenues, while DISH accounts for over 2% of global revenues. Management remains optimistic about DISH's recent positive developments [45][48] Question: Can you provide insights on CoreSite's supply chain risk management? - Management has proactively secured long lead-time items and built contractual mitigations to manage potential tariff impacts, ensuring stability in their development pipeline [66][68] Question: What are the expectations for the Latin America business? - The company anticipates low single-digit growth in Latin America through 2027, with significant improvements expected around 2028 [80][81] Question: How does the company view direct-to-device satellite connectivity? - Management views direct-to-device satellite technology as complementary to macro cell networks, particularly in low-density areas where building towers is not economically viable [55][56]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call focuses on the **Communications Infrastructure** industry in **North America**, specifically regarding **American Tower Corp. (AMT)** and **SBA Communications (SBAC)** [1][7][9]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Leasing Revenue Growth**: The **2Q25 AlphaWise survey** indicates that US leasing revenue growth is expected to accelerate through the second half of 2025 into 2026, supported by increased leasing activity reported by private tower owners [1][3][9]. - **Survey Results**: The survey revealed a **net leasing increase of +44%**, marking the second strongest reading in three years. This reflects a positive trend in leasing activity among tower operators [3][23]. - **Carrier Activity Expectations**: All private tower operators anticipate increased application activities from the **Big 3 carriers** (Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile), with 0% expecting a decrease. Specifically, **75% of operators expect increased leasing levels from AT&T** in the next three months [4][5][9][14]. - **Verizon's Performance**: Verizon reported a net reading increase to **+56%** in 2Q25, up from +47% in 1Q25, with all tower operators noting increased activity from Verizon [12][35]. - **AT&T and T-Mobile Trends**: AT&T's net reading was **+44%**, down from +47% in the previous quarter, while T-Mobile's net reading decreased slightly to **+45%** from +59% [13][14]. Investment Implications - **Price Target Adjustments**: The price target for AMT has been raised from **$260 to $270**, reflecting a **19% upside** potential. Similarly, SBAC's price target increased from **$255 to $260** [5][7][64][66]. - **Growth Expectations**: The expectation is for higher growth in domestic net leasing revenues starting in **2H25**, as the impact of Sprint-related churn diminishes and core leasing activity increases [5][9][64]. Additional Insights - **Mobile Data Traffic Growth**: The primary driver of long-term revenue growth for tower companies is the increasing mobile data traffic, projected to grow at a **17% CAGR** to 2030, driven by 5G and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) [45][54]. - **AI and Digital Infrastructure**: There is an anticipated increase in mobile data traffic due to AI applications, particularly as AI-induced traffic shifts from model training to real-time inferencing, expected to double after 2027 [56][61]. - **Survey Methodology**: The survey included **18 respondents** who own a combined **~3,100 sites**, indicating that results are directional rather than statistically conclusive due to the small sample size [16]. Conclusion - The overall sentiment from the conference call is optimistic regarding the growth trajectory of the communications infrastructure sector, particularly for AMT and SBAC, driven by increasing leasing activity and mobile data traffic growth. The adjustments in price targets reflect confidence in the companies' ability to capitalize on these trends moving forward [5][9][64].

Financial Performance - 2016 Results - Total Property Revenue increased by 22.1% year-over-year, reaching $5.71 billion[4] - Total Revenue grew by 21.3% year-over-year, amounting to $5.786 billion[4] - Net income attributable to ATC Common Stockholders increased by 42.8% year-over-year, reaching $849 million[4] - Adjusted EBITDA increased by 15.9% year-over-year, reaching $3.553 billion with a margin of 61.4%[4] - Consolidated AFFO increased by 15.8% year-over-year, reaching $2.49 billion, with per diluted share at $5.80[4] - Organic Tenant Billings Growth was nearly 8%[13] Financial Outlook - 2017 - Projected Property Revenue for 2017 is $6.30 billion, representing growth of over 10%[19] - Consolidated AFFO is projected to grow by approximately 10%, reaching $2.75 billion[23] - The company anticipates Organic Tenant Billings Growth of approximately 7-8%[19] - Adjusted EBITDA is projected to be $3.86 billion, representing growth of approximately 9%[23] Capital Allocation - The company plans capital expenditures of $800-$900 million[28]

Financial Performance in 2018 - Total property revenue increased by 25.3% to $2.103 billion in Q4 2018 and by 11.4% to $7.315 billion for the full year 2018[4] - Total revenue grew by 25.1% to $2.132 billion in Q4 2018 and by 11.6% to $7.440 billion for the full year 2018[4] - Net income attributable to AMT common stockholders increased by 26.4% to $278 million in Q4 2018 and by 6.6% to $1.227 billion for the full year 2018[4] - Adjusted EBITDA increased by 38.2% to $1.425 billion in Q4 2018 and by 14.1% to $4.667 billion for the full year 2018, with an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 66.8% and 62.7% respectively[4] - Consolidated AFFO increased by 50.8% to $1.067 billion in Q4 2018 and by 22.0% to $3.539 billion for the full year 2018[4] Growth and Outlook - The company anticipates approximately $630 million FX-neutral increase in 2019 property revenue, representing approximately 5.9% normalized growth[15] - The company expects normalized adjusted EBITDA growth of approximately 9% in 2018, or approximately 12% excluding the impacts of net straight-line recognition[13] - The company projects normalized consolidated AFFO per share growth of over 11% in 2018, driven by solid organic new business growth and operational efficiency[13] - The company anticipates normalized international organic tenant billings growth to be approximately 0.5% higher than the U S at the midpoint in 2019[21]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported a free cash flow of $79 million in Q1 2025, an increase of $18 million compared to the same quarter last year [16] - Total operating revenues decreased by 3% year over year, impacted by divestitures and declines in commercial and wholesale revenue [49] - Cash expenses increased by 6% or $11 million in the quarter compared to the prior year, with part of this increase attributed to a non-cash adjustment to stock-based compensation [49] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company saw a 6% increase in third-party tower revenue due to new co-locations and escalators on renewed leases [15] - Fiber service addresses grew by 6% year over year, with 14,000 new addresses delivered in the quarter [39] - Residential broadband net additions were 2,800, with 8,300 coming from fiber markets, lower than prior quarters due to timing of service address delivery [40] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is experiencing competitive pressures in the broadband market, with aggressive pricing and promotional offers from competitors [17] - The demand for higher broadband speeds remains strong, with 82% of residential broadband customers taking 100 meg or higher [47] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on completing the transaction with T-Mobile and repositioning the remaining business for future success [12] - There is an ongoing effort to expand the fiber program, which has increased the footprint by over 30% in the last three years [13] - The company plans to declare a special dividend to shareholders following the closing of the T-Mobile transaction, subject to board approval [12] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management acknowledged increased uncertainties in the broader economy and markets but remains optimistic about the long-term potential of the tower business [15] - The company is focused on cost optimization and expects capital expenditures to decline in 2025 as planned 5G coverage builds are largely completed [16] - Management expressed confidence in achieving $100 million in annual cost savings by the end of 2028 through transformation efforts [41] Other Important Information - The company does not plan to redeem Series UU and Series BV preferred stock, viewing them as foundational capital [74] - The expected cash outflow related to severance obligations for employees not retained by T-Mobile is estimated to be between $60 million to $80 million [30] Q&A Session Summary Question: What is the timeline for the designated entity spectrum approval? - The timing is uncertain and dependent on regulatory approval by the FCC, but there is optimism for a positive outcome [60] Question: How should free cash flow be viewed going forward? - The reported free cash flow of $79 million is not necessarily a run rate, but capital expenditures are expected to be down in 2025, which is positive for free cash flow [62] Question: What are the expectations for the tower company reporting post-closing? - The company anticipates providing tower company reporting including AFFO and related metrics in the first quarter after the close [65] Question: How is the door-to-door sales effort performing? - The company has strengthened its sales teams and expects net adds to improve as fiber address delivery ramps up [68] Question: Why does US Cellular need to remain a public entity? - The incremental cost to operate as a public company is minimal, and there are no significant incentives to collapse the structure at this time [112]