Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three American scientists: John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis for their discoveries related to macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits [2][4]. Recent Nobel Prize Winners in Physics - In 2024, John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton were recognized for their foundational discoveries and inventions in machine learning using artificial neural networks [7]. - In 2023, Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier were awarded for their contributions to generating attosecond light pulses to study electron dynamics in matter [11]. - The 2022 prize went to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their work on entangled photons and quantum information science [14]. - In 2021, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi were honored for their pioneering contributions to understanding complex physical systems [15]. - The 2020 prize was split between Roger Penrose for proving black hole formation and Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering supermassive dense objects at the center of the Milky Way [18]. Notable Chinese Nobel Prize Winners in Physics - In 1956, Chen-Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee were awarded for their proposal of parity violation [22]. - In 1976, Samuel Ting received the prize for discovering the J particle [23]. - In 1997, Steven Chu was recognized for his invention of methods for cooling and trapping atoms with lasers [24]. - In 1998, Robert C. Richardson was awarded for explaining the phenomenon of electronic quantum fluids [25]. - In 2009, Charles K. Kao was honored for breakthroughs in optical communication through fiber optics [26].

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the life and contributions of Yang Zhenning, a prominent physicist, highlighting his achievements, struggles, and enduring legacy in the field of physics. Group 1: Early Life and Education - Yang Zhenning was born over a century ago and experienced significant turmoil during his childhood, including fleeing from military conflicts [3][4]. - He faced challenges as a Chinese student in the U.S., including discrimination when trying to purchase a home [5]. - Yang Zhenning excelled academically, being the only student accepted into a physics program under a scholarship initiative in 1945 [13]. Group 2: Major Contributions and Achievements - He won the Nobel Prize at the age of 34 for his work on "parity violation," a groundbreaking theory in physics [6][7]. - Yang Zhenning's collaboration with Mills led to the development of the Yang-Mills theory, which unified three fundamental forces, marking a milestone in 20th-century physics [7][8]. - His work has been compared to that of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, establishing him as one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century [8]. Group 3: Later Life and Legacy - Even in his later years, Yang Zhenning remained active in research, publishing over 30 SCI papers and contributing to the establishment of numerous top-tier physics laboratories [5][22]. - He expressed concerns about the future of high-energy physics and opposed the construction of large particle colliders in China due to cost-effectiveness considerations [28][29]. - Yang Zhenning's reflections on his life reveal a sense of pragmatism and a desire for future generations to excel in science [26][30].

Core Viewpoint - Two Chinese scholars have made a significant breakthrough in proving the Anderson model, a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics that explains the transition of electrons in semiconductor materials from a conductive to a non-conductive state [1][2][19]. Group 1: Anderson Model Overview - The Anderson model, proposed by Philip W. Anderson in 1958, describes how electrons transition from being able to move freely (delocalized) to being trapped (localized) in a material as the disorder increases [10][11][16]. - This phenomenon is crucial for understanding semiconductor materials, which can switch between conductive and non-conductive states, making them essential for chip technology [7][8][12]. Group 2: Breakthrough Achievements - After 16 years of collaboration, scholars Yao Hongze and Jun Yin successfully provided a mathematical proof for the Anderson model, marking the most significant progress since its inception [2][32]. - Their research initially focused on one-dimensional cases and later expanded to two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenarios, achieving notable advancements in understanding electron behavior in complex matrices [33][35]. Group 3: Methodology and Challenges - The scholars utilized random matrix theory to simplify the complex band matrix involved in the Anderson model, allowing them to prove that when the bandwidth exceeds a certain threshold, electrons remain delocalized [27][31]. - They faced significant challenges in their calculations, requiring extensive graphical analysis to simplify their equations and ultimately leading to a breakthrough in understanding the conditions for electron localization [30][31]. Group 4: Background of Scholars - Yao Hongze, a prominent mathematician, has made substantial contributions to probability, random processes, and quantum mechanics, and has been a professor at Harvard University since 2005 [36][38]. - Jun Yin, a professor at UCLA, has received several prestigious awards for his early career achievements in physics and mathematics, including the von Neumann Research Prize [47][50].

斯格明子最早在磁性材料中被发现，因其稳定性高、尺寸小、动力学特性独特，在自旋电子学和存储器 领域备受关注。此次在超流体中发现新型斯格明子，不仅为相关技术提供了新思路，也有助于拓展对量 子体系的理解。 为验证这一设想，团队将锂原子气体冷却至接近绝对零度，制备出一种多组分玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚态 （量子超流体），并在其中形成两股速度不同的流体。在它们的交界面上，首先出现了波状指形结构， 类似经典湍流；随后，在量子力学与拓扑学规则的作用下，生成了特殊涡旋。 团队发现，这些涡旋是一种此前未知的拓扑缺陷，即偏心分数斯格明子。与常见的对称、居中的斯格明 子不同，EFS呈弯月形，还包含嵌入奇点。这些点打破了原有的自旋结构，造成尖锐畸变。他们表示， 《星空》画作右上角的弯月，看起来就像一个EFS。 梵高的名画《星空》百余年来拨动着无数艺术爱好者的心弦。那旋转涌动的夜空，似乎与物理学中量子 湍流的纹理产生了耐人寻味的共鸣。日本大阪公立大学与韩国科学技术院研究团队首次在量子流体中观 测到"量子开尔文—亥姆霍兹不稳定性"（KHI），并发现了一种形态酷似《星空》中弯月的新型涡旋结 构，即偏心分数斯格明子（EFS）。这一现象早在数十年前便 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the importance of academic integrity and the courage to acknowledge mistakes in scientific research, as demonstrated by the interaction between Sun Changpu and Peng Huanwu [2][3]. Group 1: Contributions of Peng Huanwu - Peng Huanwu, a renowned theoretical physicist, made significant contributions to China's atomic energy science, particularly in the research and theoretical design of the first generation of atomic and hydrogen bombs [2]. - He received numerous prestigious awards, including the National Natural Science Award (First Class) in 1982 and the Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal in 1999 [2]. Group 2: Academic Integrity and Collaboration - Sun Changpu, after discovering an error in Peng Huanwu's paper on quantum Brownian motion, was encouraged by Yang Zhenning to address the issue directly with Peng [3]. - Peng Huanwu's response to Sun's concerns was commendable; he invited Sun to present an academic report and acknowledged the mistake in his paper, emphasizing the shared responsibility of authors and reviewers [3]. - This incident illustrates the necessity of humility and the willingness to correct errors in the pursuit of scientific truth, which is essential for the advancement of knowledge [3].