Core Viewpoint - Two Chinese scholars have made a significant breakthrough in proving the Anderson model, a long-standing problem in condensed matter physics that explains the transition of electrons in semiconductor materials from a conductive to a non-conductive state [1][2][19]. Group 1: Anderson Model Overview - The Anderson model, proposed by Philip W. Anderson in 1958, describes how electrons transition from being able to move freely (delocalized) to being trapped (localized) in a material as the disorder increases [10][11][16]. - This phenomenon is crucial for understanding semiconductor materials, which can switch between conductive and non-conductive states, making them essential for chip technology [7][8][12]. Group 2: Breakthrough Achievements - After 16 years of collaboration, scholars Yao Hongze and Jun Yin successfully provided a mathematical proof for the Anderson model, marking the most significant progress since its inception [2][32]. - Their research initially focused on one-dimensional cases and later expanded to two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenarios, achieving notable advancements in understanding electron behavior in complex matrices [33][35]. Group 3: Methodology and Challenges - The scholars utilized random matrix theory to simplify the complex band matrix involved in the Anderson model, allowing them to prove that when the bandwidth exceeds a certain threshold, electrons remain delocalized [27][31]. - They faced significant challenges in their calculations, requiring extensive graphical analysis to simplify their equations and ultimately leading to a breakthrough in understanding the conditions for electron localization [30][31]. Group 4: Background of Scholars - Yao Hongze, a prominent mathematician, has made substantial contributions to probability, random processes, and quantum mechanics, and has been a professor at Harvard University since 2005 [36][38]. - Jun Yin, a professor at UCLA, has received several prestigious awards for his early career achievements in physics and mathematics, including the von Neumann Research Prize [47][50].

斯格明子最早在磁性材料中被发现，因其稳定性高、尺寸小、动力学特性独特，在自旋电子学和存储器 领域备受关注。此次在超流体中发现新型斯格明子，不仅为相关技术提供了新思路，也有助于拓展对量 子体系的理解。 为验证这一设想，团队将锂原子气体冷却至接近绝对零度，制备出一种多组分玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚态 （量子超流体），并在其中形成两股速度不同的流体。在它们的交界面上，首先出现了波状指形结构， 类似经典湍流；随后，在量子力学与拓扑学规则的作用下，生成了特殊涡旋。 团队发现，这些涡旋是一种此前未知的拓扑缺陷，即偏心分数斯格明子。与常见的对称、居中的斯格明 子不同，EFS呈弯月形，还包含嵌入奇点。这些点打破了原有的自旋结构，造成尖锐畸变。他们表示， 《星空》画作右上角的弯月，看起来就像一个EFS。 梵高的名画《星空》百余年来拨动着无数艺术爱好者的心弦。那旋转涌动的夜空，似乎与物理学中量子 湍流的纹理产生了耐人寻味的共鸣。日本大阪公立大学与韩国科学技术院研究团队首次在量子流体中观 测到"量子开尔文—亥姆霍兹不稳定性"（KHI），并发现了一种形态酷似《星空》中弯月的新型涡旋结 构，即偏心分数斯格明子（EFS）。这一现象早在数十年前便 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the importance of academic integrity and the courage to acknowledge mistakes in scientific research, as demonstrated by the interaction between Sun Changpu and Peng Huanwu [2][3]. Group 1: Contributions of Peng Huanwu - Peng Huanwu, a renowned theoretical physicist, made significant contributions to China's atomic energy science, particularly in the research and theoretical design of the first generation of atomic and hydrogen bombs [2]. - He received numerous prestigious awards, including the National Natural Science Award (First Class) in 1982 and the Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal in 1999 [2]. Group 2: Academic Integrity and Collaboration - Sun Changpu, after discovering an error in Peng Huanwu's paper on quantum Brownian motion, was encouraged by Yang Zhenning to address the issue directly with Peng [3]. - Peng Huanwu's response to Sun's concerns was commendable; he invited Sun to present an academic report and acknowledged the mistake in his paper, emphasizing the shared responsibility of authors and reviewers [3]. - This incident illustrates the necessity of humility and the willingness to correct errors in the pursuit of scientific truth, which is essential for the advancement of knowledge [3].