Core Insights - Calcium is essential for maintaining bone health, yet insufficient dietary intake and low absorption efficiency are common issues. Proper calcium supplementation involves selecting the right type of calcium, accompanying nutrients, and dosage forms to enhance effectiveness [1] Product Summaries Calcium Tablets - **Caltrate Calcium D3 Tablets**: Contains 600mg of calcium carbonate and 125 IU of vitamin D3. It utilizes micro-pulverization technology to enhance dissolution speed and absorption rate. The addition of imported vitamin D helps in preventing osteoporosis [4] - **Swisse Calcium Citrate Tablets**: Comprises 333mg of calcium citrate, 665 IU of vitamin D, and 60μg of vitamin K. It is gentle on the gastrointestinal tract, dissolves quickly in water, and helps avoid gastrointestinal discomfort while promoting calcium deposition in bones [8] Calcium Capsules - **By-Health DK Calcium Capsules**: Contains 500mg of calcium carbonate, 360 IU of vitamin D, and 24μg of vitamin K. It features a three-in-one formula that aids in calcium absorption and deposition in bones [11] - **Schiff Vitamin D and K Softgels**: Composed of 500mg of calcium (both carbonate and citrate), 360 IU of vitamin D, and 24μg of vitamin K. It promotes calcium absorption in the intestines and its deposition in bones [15] Liquid Calcium - **Mom's Garden Liquid Calcium**: Contains 500mg of patented organic calcium (salmon bone calcium and calcium citrate), 400 IU of vitamin D, and 30μg of vitamin K. It boasts a six-fold absorption rate compared to other calcium types and includes collagen for joint repair [18] - **Caltrate Liquid Calcium**: Comprises 300mg of calcium citrate, 30mg of casein phosphopeptide (CPP), 2.3mg of zinc, 5μg of vitamin D, and 22.5μg of vitamin K. It enhances calcium absorption and prevents sedimentation [21] Recommendations - For individuals with sensitive stomachs, calcium citrate or organic calcium options are recommended, particularly liquid forms [22] - For optimal absorption and comprehensive bone nutrition, products containing vitamin D3, K2, collagen, or CPP are advisable [22] - For those without constipation issues seeking cost-effectiveness, traditional calcium carbonate products are a reliable choice [22]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐ As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2025. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 Amendment No. 9 to FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 FUNCTIONAL BRANDS INC. (former ...

Core Insights - BioHarvest Sciences reported a robust 41% year-over-year revenue growth for Q2 2025, reaching $8.5 million, driven by strong sales in its core VINIA® capsule business and new product launches [4][6] - The company aims to achieve adjusted EBITDA breakeven by Q4 2025, supported by continued growth in its product lines and a strong CDMO pipeline [3][4] Financial Performance - Total revenues for Q2 2025 increased to $8.5 million from $6.0 million in Q2 2024, with gross margins expanding by 800 basis points to 60% [4][6] - Gross profit rose 65% to $5.1 million, attributed to increased manufacturing scale and improved yields [7] - Operating expenses increased to $6.9 million from $4.8 million year-over-year, primarily due to higher marketing spend and costs associated with the CDMO services division [8] Net Loss and Cash Position - The net loss for Q2 2025 was $4.0 million, or $0.24 per share, compared to a net loss of $0.7 million, or $0.04 per share, in Q2 2024 [9] - Cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2025, totaled $3.7 million, up from $2.4 million at the end of 2024 [10] Product and Market Developments - The company has launched new products, including VINIA® Daily Chews 2X Formula, and secured a new CDMO contract for developing a plant-based fragrance compound [4][13] - Management expects to launch additional products and CDMO services in the second half of 2025, including an electrolyte drink targeting the $13 billion hydration market [4][13] Strategic Initiatives - BioHarvest is focusing on three growth initiatives: expanding its Health Pros affiliate program, launching a new electrolyte drink, and introducing an AI-enabled CDMO discovery phase [13] - The company continues to position its botanical synthesis technology as a commercial engine for high-value plant-based compounds [5]

Core Viewpoint - The global fish oil EPA and DHA market is projected to reach $2.02 billion by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4% in the coming years [1]. Market Overview - The fish oil DHA segment dominates the market, accounting for approximately 76.8% of the total market share [8]. - Dietary supplements represent the largest downstream market for fish oil EPA and DHA, holding about 52.2% of the market share [10]. Key Drivers - The increasing burden of chronic diseases is driving demand for preventive nutrition, with EPA known for its anti-inflammatory properties and DHA for its role in brain development [15]. - Growing awareness of cognitive and brain health is accelerating the demand for DHA, particularly in prenatal supplements and infant formula [15]. - The expanding middle class and health-conscious consumers in emerging markets, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, are shifting towards preventive self-care, viewing fish oil supplements as affordable health investments [15]. - The trend towards functional foods is broadening application scenarios, with EPA and DHA being added to various food products, enhancing their market reach [16]. - The adoption of pharmaceutical-grade EPA is enhancing clinical value, with regulatory recognition boosting the omega-3 industry's growth in healthcare [16]. - Advances in purification technologies have improved product quality and consumer trust, addressing previous concerns about taste and contamination [16]. Major Obstacles - Fluctuations in raw material availability and sustainability pressures are significant challenges, as fish oil production relies heavily on wild-caught fish species [17]. - Regulatory complexities and inconsistencies across regions complicate compliance and increase operational costs for EPA and DHA products [17]. - Consumer skepticism due to concerns over contamination and product efficacy is undermining trust in the market [17]. - Competition from alternative sources of omega-3, such as plant-based options and krill oil, is growing, particularly among environmentally conscious consumers [17]. Key Players - Major global manufacturers of fish oil EPA and DHA include KD Pharma, Croda, BASF, and others, with the top ten companies holding about 64.0% of the market share [6].

Group 1: ProGo® Product Overview - ProGo® is distinguished by its unique ability to activate GLP-1 and GIP receptors, supported by clinical studies demonstrating weight loss benefits [1] - ProGo® Bioactive Peptides optimize glucose and fat metabolism, enhancing energy levels and promoting a longer active lifestyle [2] Group 2: Company Background - Hofseth BioCare ASA is a Norwegian company focused on sustainability and optimal utilization of natural resources, upcycling byproducts from the salmon industry into health-improving ingredients [3] - The company offers products such as ProGo®, OmeGo® (whole salmon oil), and CalGo® / NT-II™ (salmon bone powder) aimed at improving human and pet health [3] Group 3: Scientific Evidence and Partnerships - Hofseth BioCare emphasizes scientific evidence, leading to academic partnerships and the identification of unique health benefits, including improved iron metabolism and fat reduction in overweight adults with ProGo® [4] - OmeGo® has demonstrated immune health benefits, while CalGo® supports bone and joint health, contributing to healthy aging [4] Group 4: Biotech Ventures - Hofseth BioCare has established a biotech-focused spin-off, HBC Immunology, which has raised external finance and is developing therapeutics for prostate and ovarian cancer, as well as an oral therapy for asthma [4]

Core Viewpoint - The global palm oil acid market is projected to reach $0.9 billion by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8% in the coming years [1][10]. Market Overview - Palm oil acid is a natural monounsaturated fatty acid found in various animal and plant fats, particularly in marine fish oil, dairy products, and certain vegetable oils [1]. - The primary source of palm oil acid is plant-based, accounting for approximately 79.4% of the market share [7]. - The dietary supplement sector is the largest downstream market, representing about 55.0% of the demand [9]. Key Players - Major global producers of palm oil acid include Gansu Aikang Sea Buckthorn, Xinjiang Huihua, Shanxi Wutai Mountain, Wiley Companies, and Yuhangren [5]. - The top four manufacturers hold around 72.0% of the market share as of 2024 [5]. Driving Factors - Increasing consumer focus on healthy diets and lifestyles is driving the acceptance of palm oil acid as a beneficial monounsaturated fatty acid [10]. - The demand for natural, plant-based, and sustainable ingredients is rising, aligning with consumer preferences for health and environmental concerns [10]. - Scientific research supporting the health benefits of palm oil acid, including its positive effects on cardiovascular health and insulin sensitivity, is attracting more investment and attention [10]. Challenges - The production process of palm oil acid involves complex extraction and refining techniques, leading to high operational costs and technical barriers [11]. - The availability and quality fluctuations of raw materials pose challenges for large-scale production, limiting market expansion [11]. - Environmental concerns related to palm oil production, such as deforestation and biodiversity loss, are increasing pressure for sustainable practices, which can raise costs and affect competitiveness [12]. Industry Trends - The growing emphasis on health and wellness is leading to increased applications of palm oil acid in functional foods, dietary supplements, and health beverages, particularly in Europe, the U.S., and the Asia-Pacific region [13]. - Advances in extraction and production technologies are improving efficiency and reducing costs, facilitating broader applications across various industries [13]. - The demand for natural skincare products is rising, with palm oil acid becoming an important ingredient in beauty and personal care products due to its moisturizing and anti-aging properties [13].

Company Overview - LifeVantage operates in the wellness industry, focusing on nutrigenomics and direct selling of supplements, energy, and skin-care products [8, 12, 14] - The company's product subscriptions account for 70% of monthly revenue, indicating a stable, recurring order base [46] - LifeVantage has approximately 52,000 independent consultants sharing its products every month [56] - The company operates in 6 of the top 10 direct selling markets globally [60] Financial Performance - In fiscal year 2023, LifeVantage reported revenue of $213.4 million and adjusted EBITDA of $11.7 million [6] - As of January 31, 2024, the company's market capitalization was $68.3 million and enterprise value was $51.0 million [6] - Cash at December 31, 2023, was $17.3 million, and the company is debt-free [6] - For the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, net revenue was $51.624 million, a 3.8% decrease year-over-year [146] Strategic Initiatives - The company is focused on increasing active monthly purchasers, enrolling new business builders and customers, and retaining them longer through the LV360 growth strategy [77] - LifeVantage offers a quarterly dividend of $0.035 per common share and declared a special dividend of $0.40 per share paid in September 2023 [137] - The company has a stock repurchase program with $24.2 million remaining under the current authorization [137]

Financial Highlights - ChromaDex's total net sales reached $83.5 million in 2023, with Tru Niagen® sales contributing $69.5 million[14] - Tru Niagen® sales experienced a 52% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)[11] - E-commerce net sales reached $51.2 million in 2023, demonstrating an 85% CAGR[16] - Gross margin increased from 49.4% to 60.8% following a strategic shift towards Tru Niagen®[17] - ChromaDex reported a positive Adjusted EBITDA of $1.9 million in 2023[11, 12] Market and Product - ChromaDex identifies as the global authority on NAD+ with a Total Addressable Market (TAM) exceeding $500 billion across human and pet nutrition, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals[11] - Tru Niagen® is identified as a proprietary NAD+ boosting supplement[11] - Approximately 60% of ChromaDex's business is attributed to e-commerce[15] - North America accounts for 75% of Tru Niagen® net sales, followed by APAC with 22%[56] Research and Development - ChromaDex has invested in over $100 million of third-party research supporting the benefits of its proprietary ingredient[11] - ChromaDex holds a strong intellectual property portfolio, including over 80 patents for Niagen® and other NAD+ precursors[11]

Core Insights - Cosmos Health Inc. has announced its entry into the U.S. market and the launch of U.S.-based manufacturing through a strategic agreement with DolCas Biotech LLC [1][2] - The production will take place in GMP-certified facilities, enhancing operational control and reducing tariff exposure [2][4] - This partnership aims to strengthen Cosmos Health's position in the premium nutraceuticals market and expand its portfolio with scientifically backed ingredients [3][4] Company Overview - Cosmos Health Inc. is a diversified, vertically integrated global healthcare group, owning proprietary pharmaceutical and nutraceutical brands and operating a telehealth platform [6] - The company has established R&D partnerships targeting major health disorders and focuses on innovative product development [6] - Cosmos Health has a global distribution platform and is expanding throughout Europe, Asia, and North America [6] Partnership Details - The agreement with DolCas Biotech is expected to leverage DolCas's expertise in clinically validated formulations and vertically integrated manufacturing [3][4] - DolCas Biotech is recognized for its commitment to quality and innovation, with a portfolio that includes clinically supported nutraceutical products [5] - The partnership is seen as a strategic move to support Cosmos Health's growth in the U.S. and globally [4]

Core Insights - BioAdaptives, Inc. is launching Pawpa™ Regen, a canine supplement aimed at promoting natural stem cell activation and regenerative healing in aging dogs [1][2] - The product is set for a nationwide release at the end of July 2025, following a successful limited market release earlier in the year [2] - The supplement is designed to improve various aspects of older dogs' health, including vitality, mobility, behavior, and appearance [2][3] Product Details - Pawpa™ Regen works by stimulating the release of circulating stem cells, which aids in the repair of tissues and joints affected by aging [3] - Early feedback from dog owners indicates significant improvements in energy levels, coat health, mobility, and temperament [3][7] - The product aims to fill a gap in the pet wellness market by providing a science-based, natural formulation for canine health [4] Market Potential - BioAdaptives anticipates strong demand for Pawpa™ Regen based on initial consumer feedback and is scaling production accordingly [5] - The company positions the product within the growing segment of holistic and science-based solutions for pet longevity and vitality [5] - Pawpa™ Regen will be available through multiple direct-to-consumer e-commerce platforms, enhancing accessibility for pet owners [4]