Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the dangers of hydrofluoric acid (HF), highlighting its strong corrosive properties and the severe health risks associated with exposure, particularly in laboratory settings [2][6][24]. Group 1: Understanding Hydrofluoric Acid - Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and is used in various laboratory applications, including semiconductor manufacturing and glass etching [4][6]. - It has a high boiling point of 19.5°C and can easily form irritating acid mist at room temperature [6]. - The acid is classified as a strong acid, with a partial ionization in water, and its fluoride ions have a high nucleophilicity, making it effective for etching glass [6][7]. Group 2: Health Risks and Incidents - Skin contact with hydrofluoric acid can lead to severe pain and tissue damage, often with delayed symptoms that can result in irreversible harm [7][8]. - Exposure to just 5 mL of 50% hydrofluoric acid can be fatal within 12 hours, and inhalation of 1000 ppm can cause loss of consciousness in 30 seconds [8]. - There are numerous documented incidents of hydrofluoric acid exposure in laboratories, leading to severe injuries and fatalities [9][12][24]. Group 3: Emergency Response - The article emphasizes the importance of immediate action within the "golden 20 minutes" following exposure, which includes thorough washing of the affected area with water [16][18]. - After washing, applying 2.5% calcium gluconate gel is recommended to neutralize the acid and alleviate pain [18]. - Medical attention should be sought promptly, with specific information about the exposure provided to healthcare professionals to avoid misdiagnosis [19][20]. Group 4: Safety Precautions - Preventive measures are crucial, including the use of fume hoods, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and emergency wash stations in laboratories [21]. - The article also warns about the potential risks of consumer products containing fluoride, such as cleaning agents and rust removers, which can pose hazards if not handled properly [22][24].