Group 1 - Ruthenium carbon (Ru/C) is a high-performance precious metal-supported catalyst with unique electronic structure and excellent dispersion and conductivity, making it essential in industrial production and research [1] - The application of Ru/C has penetrated multiple core industries, with significant recovery and refining value for spent catalysts containing ruthenium [1] Group 2 - The core application industries for Ru/C include fine chemicals, organic synthesis, and electrochemistry, where it plays a critical role in various catalytic reactions [2][4][5] - In the fine chemicals industry, Ru/C is widely used for hydrogenation, oxidation, and isomerization reactions, particularly in the synthesis of high-end chemicals like pharmaceutical intermediates and dyes [4] - In organic synthesis, Ru/C serves as an efficient promoter for key reactions, enhancing the synthesis of complex organic molecules [4] - In the electrochemical sector, Ru/C is crucial for fuel cells, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and supercapacitors, improving energy conversion efficiency and performance [5] Group 3 - The recovery value of 5% Ru/C is significant due to the high market price of ruthenium, which is a rare precious metal [8][10] - The recovery process not only reduces raw material costs for companies but also aligns with environmental sustainability goals by minimizing the pressure of precious metal mining [10] - The recovery price of Ru/C is influenced by factors such as the actual ruthenium content, market price of crude ruthenium, and recovery process complexity [11]