Group 1 - Australia will invest AUD 12 billion (approximately USD 8 billion) to upgrade the Henderson shipyard in Western Australia, aiming to establish it as a maintenance center for nuclear submarines under the AUKUS alliance over the next 20 years [1] - The total expenditure for developing the Henderson submarine dock may reach AUD 25 billion (USD 16.6 billion) [1] - Australia currently lacks infrastructure to service nuclear submarines, prompting concerns about nuclear proliferation risks associated with the AUKUS partnership [1] Group 2 - Recent defense investment announcements from Australia include a AUD 10 billion (USD 6.6 billion) purchase of 11 Japanese "Mitsubishi" class frigates and an investment of AUD 1.7 billion (USD 1.1 billion) to develop the "Ghost Shark" underwater drone fleet [2]