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《防患于未“燃”:故宫历史上的火灾与消防》
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从故宫古建筑看古人的“防火信仰”
Qi Lu Wan Bao· 2025-08-21 21:27
Core Insights - The article discusses the historical fire prevention methods and cultural beliefs related to fire safety in the Forbidden City, emphasizing the unique architectural features and symbolic elements designed to mitigate fire risks [3][11]. Group 1: Fire Prevention in Architecture - The Forbidden City, known as the largest and best-preserved wooden structure complex, has a history of fire incidents, prompting the development of ancient fire prevention wisdom [3]. - Architectural elements such as the "藻井" (caisson) are believed to have fire-repelling properties, with designs incorporating water plants symbolizing fire avoidance [5][6]. - The "螭吻" (chihwen), a dragon-shaped ornament on rooftops, evolved from earlier fire prevention symbols and is intended to ward off fire [7][8]. Group 2: Cultural Beliefs and Practices - Historical texts indicate that the design of architectural features like the caisson and the use of water plant motifs were rooted in cultural beliefs about fire prevention [5][6]. - The belief that certain designs could prevent fire is reflected in the writings of ancient scholars, linking architectural choices to spiritual and cultural practices [5][6]. - The avoidance of hooks in the character "门" (door) on plaques is a cultural practice stemming from a historical fire incident, showcasing the intersection of language and fire prevention beliefs [13][14]. Group 3: Historical Context and Changes - The article notes that the Hall of Supreme Harmony has suffered multiple fires, leading to its reconstruction and changes in architectural design to enhance fire safety [11][12]. - The number of decorative beasts on the Hall's roof was adjusted to include ten, a unique feature attributed to its fire history, with the addition of the "行什" (Xingshi) symbolizing protection from lightning [11][12]. - The historical context of fire incidents in the Forbidden City has influenced architectural decisions and cultural practices over time, reflecting a continuous effort to mitigate fire risks [11][15].