Core Viewpoint - The long-term intensive agricultural development in Northeast China has led to a significant decline in microbial diversity in black soil, posing a structural crisis to the ecosystem and affecting sustainable agricultural development [1][2] Group 1: Microbial Diversity and Its Impact - A 10% decline in microbial diversity results in an 8% reduction in black soil carbon pool stability and a 35% slowdown in organic carbon decomposition rate [2] - Changes in microbial community structure have led to the reduction or disappearance of certain specialized microorganisms, hindering the development of new biological fertilizers and pesticides [2] Group 2: Protection and Resource Management - A proposed "One Library and Three Centers" protection system aims to integrate existing microbial gene bank resources and establish a comprehensive research platform for black soil microbial resources [3] - The core library will be located in Heilongjiang Province, focusing on long-term preservation and emergency storage of strategic resources [3] Group 3: Preservation Techniques and Networks - Various preservation techniques, including ultra-low temperature freezing and freeze-drying, will be employed to ensure microbial viability and genetic stability for 30 to 50 years [4] - A three-tier preservation network will be established across Northeast China, enabling real-time monitoring and dynamic assessment of microbial resources [4] Group 4: Key Technology Development - The focus will be on overcoming sampling technology bottlenecks in extreme environments and establishing a multi-modal low-temperature preservation system [5] - Strategic collaborations with institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University are recommended to enhance research capabilities [5] Group 5: Industrialization Directions - A special fund for the development of black soil microbial resources will be established, promoting a market-oriented development model [6] - Key areas for industrialization include biomedicine, ecological remediation, green industry, and the cultivation of specialty agricultural products [6][7]