Core Viewpoint - The lecture by Guo Xusheng, a leading figure in oil and gas exploration, emphasized the strategic importance of deep earth exploration in China, highlighting significant breakthroughs in marine natural gas exploration and the need for independent innovation in the energy sector [3][11]. Group 1: Deep Earth Exploration - Deep earth refers to the solid earth beneath the shallow surface, which is difficult to access due to hard rocks and complex geological structures [4][5]. - China has identified 173 types of mineral resources in deep earth, with proven oil reserves of 1,257 million tons and natural gas reserves of 212 trillion cubic meters [5]. - The strategic importance of deep earth exploration was recognized in national policies, including the "13th Five-Year" plan, which elevated the research and development of deep earth resources to a new strategic level [5][6]. Group 2: Breakthroughs in Marine Natural Gas - The discovery of the Puguang gas field marked a significant turning point in China's marine natural gas exploration, with the first successful exploration occurring after extensive foundational research [9][10]. - The Yuanba gas field, discovered in 2007, is the world's first ultra-deep marine bio-reef gas field, with proven reserves of 219.5 billion cubic meters [10][11]. - The development of marine gas fields is crucial for China's energy strategy, as 90% of the world's oil and gas reserves come from marine sedimentary basins [7][8]. Group 3: Shale Gas Development - The shale gas revolution has transformed the global energy landscape, prompting China to focus on independent innovation in shale gas exploration [11][12]. - The Fuling shale gas field has produced over 70 billion cubic meters of gas since its discovery, contributing significantly to China's natural gas supply [14]. - The successful development of shale gas has positioned China as the second country after North America to achieve commercial shale gas production [14][15].