Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and highlights recent advancements in nanotechnology for improving these aspects [2][4][14]. Diagnosis Challenges - Current diagnostic methods for IPF are limited by low accuracy, high invasiveness, and time consumption, leading to delays in diagnosis and missed treatment opportunities [2][11]. - Nanoparticle biosensor platforms show great potential for non-invasive early screening by detecting biomarkers like miRNA in serum with high sensitivity and efficiency [11]. Treatment Challenges - Existing IPF treatments have limited efficacy, often accompanied by adverse effects due to low bioavailability and off-target effects [2]. - Inhalation drug delivery systems using nanocarriers can achieve higher drug concentrations in the lungs while reducing systemic side effects, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy [13]. Nanotechnology Applications - The article outlines the use of functionalized nanoparticles for imaging, which can significantly improve the contrast in MRI, allowing for clearer visualization of early lesions [11]. - Various innovative nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles, mesoporous nanoparticles, and nano-metal-organic frameworks, are introduced to enhance drug delivery efficiency [13]. Integrated Diagnosis and Treatment - The integration of treatment delivery and real-time monitoring through unified nanoplatforms is crucial for personalized medicine in IPF [13]. - The use of nanotechnology for tracking transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via in vivo imaging can optimize treatment outcomes by allowing real-time monitoring of cell survival and distribution [13]. Future Directions - The article discusses the challenges and translational barriers faced by cutting-edge technologies in clinical applications and provides insights for future research directions in developing more effective IPF diagnostic and therapeutic strategies [14].