Core Viewpoint - The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang has successfully performed a new surgical treatment for chronic migraine patients who do not respond well to conservative drug therapy, offering a new option for relief [1][2]. Group 1: Treatment Methodology - The surgical procedure involves peripheral nerve decompression combined with arterial ligation, targeting specific peripheral nerves associated with headache pain [2]. - The surgery is minimally invasive, performed under local anesthesia, typically taking 30 to 40 minutes, with small incisions of about 1 to 2 centimeters [2]. - Patients can expect rapid recovery, often being discharged the day after surgery [2]. Group 2: Patient Selection and Efficacy - The procedure is indicated for chronic headache patients with a history of more than 3 months and at least 8 headache episodes per month, or daily pain that has not responded to standard drug treatments [3]. - A recent case involved a 70-year-old male patient who experienced significant pain relief following the surgery, demonstrating the immediate effectiveness of the procedure [2]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - The surgery addresses both nerve and vascular components of headache pain, providing a comprehensive approach to blocking pain signals [3]. - The underlying mechanisms of headache include direct nerve stimulation and abnormal vascular pulsation, which the surgery aims to alleviate [3]. Group 4: Implications for Future Treatment - The introduction of this new technique marks a significant advancement in the comprehensive treatment of migraines at the First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, offering hope to patients suffering from chronic migraines with inadequate drug treatment responses [3].