Core Viewpoint - Wetlands in China are facing significant pollution risks from new pollutants, necessitating enhanced ecological management and monitoring to protect these vital ecosystems [1][2][3]. Group 1: Current State of Wetlands - China's total wetland area is 56.35 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth globally, but the per capita wetland area is only 20% of the global average [1]. - Over 20% of wetlands are located in ecologically sensitive areas, including important international and national wetlands, nature reserves, and key migratory bird pathways [1]. Group 2: Characteristics of New Pollutants - New pollutants exhibit high mobility, persistence, and ecological risk, with wetlands acting as potential centers for their spread due to active hydrological processes and bird migrations [2]. - The stable structures of new pollutants make them difficult to degrade, leading to long-term ecological hazards as they accumulate in wetland sediments and biota [2]. - The cascading effects of pollutants threaten biodiversity, particularly endangered species, and can impact public health through bioaccumulation in food chains [2]. Group 3: Pollution Dynamics - The pollution pattern of "continuous input—slow transformation—long-term accumulation—multi-level amplification" is causing systemic degradation of wetland ecological services [3]. Group 4: Recommendations for Pollution Control - Conduct comprehensive baseline surveys and monitoring of new pollutants in ecologically sensitive wetland areas, integrating national pollution control actions with biodiversity protection efforts [4]. - Establish a risk assessment and prevention system for new pollutants, focusing on source control and developing new treatment standards for wastewater in sensitive areas [5]. - Create a collaborative governance mechanism involving multiple stakeholders, including government, industry, and the public, to enhance the management of new pollutants in wetlands [6].