Core Insights - The research reveals that the Moon, previously thought to be "dormant" for 3 billion years, has experienced volcanic activity during this period, challenging existing beliefs about lunar evolution [1][3][4] - The study, published in the journal "Science Advances," was conducted by a team from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry and Hong Kong University, focusing on samples returned by China's Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions [1][4] Group 1: Volcanic Activity - The Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions returned basalt samples that are 2 billion and 2.8 billion years old, respectively, indicating that volcanic eruptions occurred during the Moon's "dormant" phase [1][3] - Two types of basalt were identified in the Chang'e 6 samples, one originating from over 120 kilometers deep in the mantle and the other from a shallower depth of 60 to 80 kilometers [3] Group 2: Thermal Dynamics - The research team proposed a new thermal dynamic mechanism where magma, trapped in the upper mantle, can transfer heat upward, leading to partial melting and volcanic eruptions [3][4] - The study found that the heat sources for lunar volcanic activity changed significantly around 3 billion years ago, shifting from a complex mix to a dominant upward heat transfer mechanism [4] Group 3: Lunar Composition and Evolution - Analysis of remote sensing data suggests differences in the composition of the lunar mantle between the near and far sides of the Moon, with the near side having more titanium-rich minerals [4] - The findings provide new insights into the asymmetric evolution of the Moon and contribute to a better understanding of volcanic activity on other small celestial bodies [4]

来源：中国新闻网 中新网北京7月10日电 (记者 孙自法)中国科学家对嫦娥六号采自月球背面南极-艾特肯盆地(SPA)的28亿 年前的玄武岩样品进行研究，最新又取得一项重大科学成果——揭示月球背面月幔物质的"超亏损"(通 俗而言即异常"贫瘠")特征，并提出其成因的两种可能模型，从而为全面了解月球早期的壳-幔演化历史 提供了关键信息。 这项破解月球内部异常"贫瘠"之谜的成果论文，由中国科学院国家天文台联合中国科学院地质与地球物 理研究所、中国地质大学(北京)、北京高压科学研究中心、东华理工大学等多家科研院校的研究团队共 同完成，并同嫦娥六号月背样品的另三项科研成果一起，于北京时间7月9日夜间以封面文章形式在国际 知名学术期刊《自然》上线发表。 "一扇窗口" 研究团队介绍说，月球的正面和背面差异巨大，正面相对平坦，有广阔的玄武岩平原；背面则高地遍 布，月海稀少。科学家提出了很多理论来解释月球的这种"二分性"特征，包括月球形成早期岩浆洋冷却 结晶不均匀、月幔内部物质对流不对称、正背面巨型撞击作用的差异等。然而，过去所有的月球采样任 务都只在月球正面进行，月球背面样本的缺失使得背面深部月幔特征一直是未解之谜。 "后天改 ...