Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rapid adjustments in university programs and departments in response to the evolving demands of the economy and society, highlighting the establishment of new programs in high-demand fields such as artificial intelligence and integrated circuit design while phasing out less relevant ones [3][4]. Group 1: University Program Adjustments - Shandong Normal University has stopped enrolling in 25 undergraduate programs since 2017 and added 10 new programs in urgent fields like artificial intelligence and cybersecurity [3]. - The university has developed a monitoring platform using big data and AI to align its programs with industry talent needs, aiming for a more data-driven approach to program adjustments [3]. - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Shandong Province added 267 doctoral and master's degree points, 703 undergraduate programs, and 1808 vocational programs, with over 80% addressing urgent societal needs [3]. Group 2: Structural Optimization in Higher Education - Sichuan University is optimizing its academic structure by implementing a warning and exit mechanism for underperforming programs, reducing its first-level disciplines from 71 to 56 and second-level disciplines from 191 to 67 since 2019 [5][6]. - The university has also reduced its undergraduate programs from 144 to 105, focusing on expanding talent cultivation in science and engineering while reducing programs in saturated fields like management and arts [5][6]. Group 3: Emergence of New Programs - A significant number of new programs have been established, with over 200 new programs in fields such as artificial intelligence, digital economy, and smart manufacturing between 2020 and 2024 [6]. - The article notes that universities are increasingly establishing new colleges focused on cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence, aerospace, and life sciences, with several institutions announcing new colleges in these areas [7].