Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG) of Norway, highlighting its status as the largest sovereign wealth fund globally, its investment strategies, governance mechanisms, and its approach to managing currency risk and sustainable investments [2][3]. Investment Strategy and Governance Mechanism - GPFG is managed by the Norwegian Central Bank's Investment Management Department (NBIM) under a transparent governance framework, focusing on a benchmark investment portfolio primarily composed of equities and fixed income [3][4]. - The fund's governance structure includes oversight from the Norwegian Parliament, the Ministry of Finance, and NBIM, ensuring accountability and transparency in its operations [6][15]. - The strategic benchmark for GPFG is composed of 70% FTSE Global All Cap Index and 30% Bloomberg Global Aggregate Bond Index, allowing for effective asset allocation and risk management [11][8]. Asset Allocation and Diversification - As of the end of 2023, GPFG's asset allocation is primarily in equities (70%), with bonds (27.1%), and increasing investments in real estate (1.9%) and renewable energy infrastructure (0.1%) [13]. - The fund employs a reference portfolio strategy that allows for flexibility in investment decisions, enabling it to hold non-traditional asset classes and optimize asset allocation [12][11]. Currency Risk Management - GPFG has a strategic decision to invest entirely in international markets to manage currency risk, allowing it to diversify and mitigate the impact of fluctuations in the Norwegian krone [19][20]. - Unlike other sovereign wealth funds, GPFG does not hedge against currency fluctuations, focusing instead on long-term wealth accumulation without short-term liquidity pressures [19][20]. Commitment to Sustainability and Ethical Investment - GPFG emphasizes responsible investment principles, actively excluding companies involved in coal mining, tobacco production, or severe environmental damage, reflecting its commitment to sustainable development [17][16]. - The fund's ethical guidelines are enforced by an ethics council established in 2004, ensuring that investment activities align with its sustainability goals [16][17].