Group 1 - The burden of cancer treatment costs for residents in China remains significant, with inpatient expenses accounting for 87.53% of total cancer treatment costs in 2018, indicating a focus on inpatient medical services [2][8]. - The adjustment of the medical insurance catalog and price reductions have stimulated clinical patient demand, leading to an increase in the variety and expenditure of antitumor and immunomodulatory agents used in hospitals [3][15]. - In 2018, the total cancer treatment costs in China reached 392.462 billion yuan, representing 11.11% of total disease treatment costs, with cancer treatment expenses constituting 83.44% of tumor treatment costs [8][12]. Group 2 - The average medical expense per hospitalization for cancer patients was 27,136.36 yuan in 2021, the highest among all disease categories, with cancer patients typically requiring 6-7 rounds of radiotherapy or chemotherapy post-surgery [10][11]. - The actual reimbursement rates for medical insurance are lower than policy levels, with 2019 reimbursement rates for employee and resident insurance at 75.6% and 59.7% respectively, leading to higher out-of-pocket expenses for cancer patients compared to other diseases [14]. - The number of antitumor and immunomodulatory agents used in hospitals has seen a significant increase, with a 19.05% rise in the number of varieties from 2015 to 2020 [15][21]. Group 3 - The expenditure on antitumor drugs has shown a steady growth trend, with a 53.85% increase in usage amount in sample hospitals from 2014 to 2019, outpacing the growth in the US market [21][25]. - The frequency of antitumor drug usage in hospitals has been on the rise, with a compound annual growth rate of 12.12% from 2014 to 2019, indicating a sustained clinical demand [28][29].