Core Points - The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) is set to open on November 1, 2023, after 20 years of construction, and is referred to as the "fourth pyramid" due to its architectural design [1][3] - The museum is located approximately 5 kilometers southwest of Cairo, covering an area of about 500,000 square meters, equivalent to 70 football fields, and is touted as the largest museum dedicated to a single civilization [3] - The total construction cost of the GEM reached $1.1 billion, with the project facing delays due to economic crises, political turmoil, the COVID-19 pandemic, and regional conflicts [3] - The museum will feature a comprehensive display of artifacts from the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, including over 5,500 items, marking the first time these artifacts will be showcased together [5] - The GEM is expected to attract over 5 million visitors annually, providing a significant boost to Egypt's economy, which has been struggling with debt and inflation [6][8] Industry Impact - The opening of the GEM is anticipated to revitalize Egypt's tourism sector, which has been adversely affected by political instability and the pandemic [8] - In the first nine months of 2025, Egypt saw 15 million tourists, generating $12.5 billion in revenue, a 21% increase year-on-year, with expectations to reach 18 million tourists by the end of the year [8] - The Egyptian government aims to increase daily visitor numbers to the museum from 5,000-6,000 to 15,000 [8] - The GEM's opening has reignited discussions about the repatriation of ancient Egyptian artifacts currently held in foreign museums, with calls for the return of significant items like the Rosetta Stone and the Nefertiti Bust [10]