Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical role of scientific instruments in the formulation and revision of 823 national standards across various sectors, including plastic chemicals, metal materials, information technology, equipment manufacturing, consumer product safety, energy environment, and medical devices [1][2]. Summary by Relevant Sections National Standards Overview - A total of 823 national standard drafts are open for public consultation, covering multiple fields such as plastic chemicals, metal materials, and medical devices [2]. - The extensive standardization work highlights the importance of scientific instruments as the "eyes" and "brains" of modern industry, relying on precise and reliable analytical testing methods and instrument technology advancements [2]. Instrumentation Technologies - Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) technology, including emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, is frequently mentioned as a key method for analyzing metal and alloy compositions, detecting environmental pollutants, and controlling impurities in high-purity materials [2]. - The family of ray technologies, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and non-destructive testing (DR/CT), has expanded its application from traditional material phase analysis to residual stress measurement and online industrial inspection, showcasing its powerful penetration and information acquisition capabilities [2]. - Chromatography and spectroscopy (both molecular and atomic), along with mass spectrometry, form a core technology matrix for food safety, chemical identification, and material aging mechanism research [2]. Standardization and Methodology - The standards not only regulate product performance but also impose strict requirements on the methodologies, precision, and consistency of testing instruments, marking a shift from empirical judgment to a new phase of scientific evaluation driven by precision instruments and data [3]. - The article lists specific projects and their deadlines, such as the establishment of standards for biobased plastics' carbon and environmental footprints, and various standards related to industrial applications and asset management [3][5][6].

Core Insights - The theme of the 2025 Cultural and Natural Heritage Day is "Revitalizing Cultural Relics and Shining New Light," emphasizing the role of technological innovation in the high-quality development of cultural relics [1] - The integration of advanced technologies, such as isotopes and radiation techniques, is becoming increasingly important for the protection and research of cultural heritage [1][2] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The establishment of the "National Key Research Base for Nuclear Technology Applications in Cultural Relics" by the Chinese Academy of Sciences aims to develop a nuclear technology research platform for cultural relics [1] - Synchrotron radiation is described as a "super microscope" that allows for observation at the molecular and atomic levels, aiding in the understanding of cultural and natural heritage [1] - Neutron imaging technology can provide detailed internal structures of cultural relics without causing damage, offering superior penetration compared to traditional X-rays [2] Group 2: Collaborative Research - Collaboration between the research team and the Palace Museum has led to significant findings, such as the internal corrosion composition of a Western Han lacquered iron book knife, revealing new insights into the relic's deterioration [2] - The development of specialized equipment, such as high-energy CT and micro-CT, allows for high-resolution imaging of both large and small cultural relics, showcasing the innovative applications of technology in this field [3] Group 3: Future Prospects - The advancements in technology are expected to enhance the protection and transmission of cultural heritage, allowing historical culture to shine in the new era [3]