Core Viewpoint - The semiconductor industry faces increasing challenges from low-frequency noise, which can significantly impact device performance and reliability as transistor sizes shrink into the nanometer range [2][5][6]. Group 1: Low-Frequency Noise Challenges - Low-frequency noise includes flicker noise (1/f), random telegraph noise (RTN), thermal noise, and shot noise, closely related to the imperfections in semiconductor crystal structures [2][5]. - As transistor sizes decrease, even a single trap can cause significant current disturbances, making low-frequency noise a potential source of device failure [2][5]. - Precise quantification of low-frequency noise is essential for optimizing manufacturing processes and enhancing circuit robustness, making it a critical aspect of high-end chip design and manufacturing [2][5][6]. Group 2: Impact on Circuit Design - In analog circuits, if the input signal is lower than the noise signal, the amplified output will be completely masked by noise, determining the circuit's sensitivity [5]. - Low-frequency noise can affect RF circuits through frequency conversion and manifest as random jitter in digital circuits, leading to timing degradation [5]. - For wafer fabs, noise serves as a sensitive probe reflecting process quality and material issues, with new materials potentially introducing additional trap states that increase low-frequency noise occurrence [5][6]. Group 3: Testing and Measurement Solutions - The industry has begun incorporating noise modeling into the PDK process since 28nm, with low-frequency noise models becoming crucial for advanced nodes below 14nm [6]. - High-quality low-frequency noise test data extraction is increasingly demanded, driving accelerated research in this area [6][19]. - The 981X series noise testing systems from Gokun Electronics are recognized as the "gold standard" in the semiconductor industry for low-frequency noise testing, supporting advanced process development and device modeling [12][21]. Group 4: Market Trends and Future Outlook - The global and Chinese electronic measurement instrument markets are projected to reach approximately 112 billion and 42.1 billion respectively by 2025, with steady long-term growth [21]. - The restructuring of the global semiconductor supply chain and the rising demand for domestic industry chain autonomy are driving the development of testing and measurement equipment [21][24]. - Gokun Electronics aims to build a closed-loop testing ecosystem centered on independent research and development, enhancing its competitive advantage in the domestic testing equipment sector [24][27].