Core Insights - The national hydrological departments in China have established a comprehensive network of 133,000 hydrological monitoring stations, achieving full coverage of major rivers and flood-prone small rivers [1][2] - A complete flood and drought disaster early warning service system has been developed, with five levels of water condition warning coverage from central to county levels [1] - The transition from traditional mechanical monitoring to non-contact methods has been realized, with significant improvements in automated monitoring rates for flow and sediment [1] Group 1 - The hydrological monitoring network includes various types of stations such as water level and rainfall stations, ensuring comprehensive coverage of major rivers and tributaries [1] - The early warning service system enhances public awareness of disaster prevention and risk avoidance through timely flood and drought alerts [1] - The automation and intelligence of monitoring have been advanced through the development of remote sensing, radar, and other technologies, leading to online monitoring of precipitation and water levels [1] Group 2 - The hydrological departments are focused on modernizing the rainwater monitoring and forecasting system during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, aiming to build a modern national hydrological station network [2] - The integration of various technologies and systems is being pursued to create a seamless hydrological forecasting system that supports high-quality water management and national water security [2] - The establishment of a high-level hydrological technology innovation system is part of the strategy to ensure effective and orderly management of the hydrological industry [2]