Core Insights - The national hydrological departments in China have established a comprehensive network of 133,000 hydrological monitoring stations, achieving full coverage of major rivers and flood-prone small rivers [1][2] - A complete flood and drought disaster early warning service system has been developed, with five levels of water condition warning coverage from central to county levels [1] - The transition from traditional mechanical monitoring to non-contact methods has been realized, with significant improvements in automated monitoring rates for flow and sediment [1] Group 1 - The hydrological monitoring network includes various types of stations such as water level and rainfall stations, ensuring comprehensive coverage of major rivers and tributaries [1] - The early warning service system enhances public awareness of disaster prevention and risk avoidance through timely flood and drought alerts [1] - The automation and intelligence of monitoring have been advanced through the development of remote sensing, radar, and other technologies, leading to online monitoring of precipitation and water levels [1] Group 2 - The hydrological departments are focused on modernizing the rainwater monitoring and forecasting system during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, aiming to build a modern national hydrological station network [2] - The integration of various technologies and systems is being pursued to create a seamless hydrological forecasting system that supports high-quality water management and national water security [2] - The establishment of a high-level hydrological technology innovation system is part of the strategy to ensure effective and orderly management of the hydrological industry [2]

Core Viewpoint - Suzhou has made significant advancements in hydrological monitoring and emergency response capabilities, utilizing modern technology to enhance efficiency and accuracy in water resource management [1][2] Group 1: Hydrological Monitoring Advancements - Suzhou has achieved full automation in hydrological monitoring stations for water level and rainfall, with online data availability and completeness rates exceeding 99% [1] - The integration of intelligent devices allows for unattended monitoring, replacing the need for manual oversight at hydrological monitoring points [1] - The establishment of a "county-level center national model" in Kunshan showcases the successful integration of hydrology and water management, setting a benchmark for the industry [1] Group 2: Emergency Monitoring System - A "three-in-one" emergency monitoring system has been developed, including a specialized task force that conducts regular skill drills [2] - The newly established hydrological four-prevention integrated platform plays a crucial role in accurately forecasting rainfall and flood events, providing comprehensive data visualization [2] - The transition from manual to technical defense has significantly improved the precision and efficiency of hydrological monitoring [2]

Core Points - The article discusses the completion of the "Typical Design" for the modernization of hydrological monitoring stations by the Haihe Water Resources Commission, aimed at establishing a modern rainwater monitoring and forecasting system in the Haihe River Basin [1][2] - The design emphasizes the need for high-standard, fully automated, and intelligent hydrological monitoring stations that cater to the specific characteristics of different regions within the Haihe River Basin [2] Group 1 - The "Typical Design" serves as a reference for the modernization of hydrological monitoring stations during the 14th Five-Year Plan and beyond, providing replicable cases and technical routes [1] - The design principles include "demand-driven, site-specific strategies, advanced practicality, and unified standards," focusing on enhancing forecasting, early warning, and management capabilities [1][2] Group 2 - The Haihe Water Resources Commission categorizes existing and planned hydrological monitoring stations into four types: mountainous, plain, channel, and sluice stations, with tailored monitoring solutions for each type [2] - The modernization efforts aim to achieve full automation in data collection, comprehensive monitoring coverage, multi-channel information transmission, high-standard infrastructure, visualized monitoring results, and intelligent management of the stations [2]