Group 1 - The article discusses the "Catfish Effect," which suggests that introducing competition or a sense of crisis can enhance performance in management. However, it argues that this concept is fundamentally flawed and does not hold true in real-world scenarios [1][28]. - The origin of the "Catfish Effect" can be traced back to Japanese entrepreneur Chiyoji Misawa, who proposed this theory in his 1987 book, criticizing Japan's lifetime employment system [4][6]. - The concept gained traction in China around 1990, often misrepresented and embellished in various reports, diverging from Misawa's original intent [6][7]. Group 2 - The article highlights the biological inaccuracies in the "Catfish Effect," noting that catfish and sardines do not coexist in the same marine environments, particularly in Norway [11][12]. - It explains that sardines are primarily processed into canned goods rather than consumed fresh, which contradicts the premise of needing to keep them alive during transport [15][17]. - The article concludes that the "Catfish Effect" is not applicable in real-world fish transport scenarios, where maintaining low temperatures and oxygen levels is crucial for the survival of fish like sardines [25][26].