Group 1 - Google has made advancements in Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) technology, actively testing a piezoelectric ceramic (DLBS) OCS solution to optimize its AI supercomputing cluster's network performance [1] - The piezoelectric ceramic technology offers advantages such as direct optical transmission with no reflection loss and switching delays as low as milliseconds, making it a significant technology route following MEMS and Digital Liquid Crystal (DLC) [1] - The piezoelectric ceramic OCS is noted for its low system loss and fast switching speed, particularly suitable for high-stability AI cluster interconnection scenarios, with benefits including low energy consumption, no electromagnetic noise, and long lifespan [1] Group 2 - Google's TPUv4/v7 clusters have adopted OCS to construct a 3D ring network, and if the piezoelectric ceramic solution matures, it is expected to further reduce power consumption and enhance network efficiency for large-scale GPU/TPU interconnections [1] - The expected procurement volume of OCS by Google is projected to double to 20,000 units by 2025, with the piezoelectric ceramic solution anticipated to support larger-scale GPU/TPU interconnections, providing efficient optical interconnect support for exascale computing clusters [1] - The establishment of the OCP Alliance is accelerating the standardization process of OCS technology, positioning piezoelectric ceramics as a key option for the next generation of data center optical switching [1] Group 3 - Lingyun Optics, a domestic optical communication and high-end optical device company, is collaborating with the leading global manufacturer of piezoelectric ceramic OCS technology, Polatis, to jointly promote direct beam deflection piezoelectric ceramic OCS products [1] - Dekoli has received overseas sample orders for its silicon-based OCS products, establishing itself as one of the representative manufacturers in China with OCS system R&D and delivery capabilities, benefiting from the expansion of the DLBS solution industry [2]