Core Insights - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine metabolic disorder affecting women, with an incidence rate of approximately 5%-10% in China [1][2][3] - The clinical manifestations of PCOS include menstrual irregularities, infertility, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian changes, significantly impacting women's quality of life and long-term health [1][4] Diagnosis and Symptoms - PCOS symptoms can vary widely, making self-diagnosis difficult; many patients may not recognize their condition until years later [2][3] - The Rotterdam criteria from 2003 are used for diagnosis, requiring two of the following three criteria: anovulation or irregular menstruation, clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology [3][4] Causes and Risk Factors - The exact cause of PCOS is unclear, but it is associated with genetic and environmental factors, including high-fat and high-sugar diets and insulin resistance [4][5] - There is a misconception that treatment is unnecessary if pregnancy is not desired; however, PCOS can lead to various health issues beyond infertility, including increased risks of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer [4][5] Treatment and Management - PCOS is not curable but can be managed through lifestyle changes and appropriate medical treatment to minimize symptoms [5][6] - Initial management typically involves lifestyle interventions, and if necessary, hormonal treatments such as oral contraceptives may be prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and manage symptoms [5][6] - Regular monitoring of blood sugar and lipid levels is essential for managing the metabolic aspects of PCOS [6][7] Psychological and Preventive Measures - Mental health is crucial in managing PCOS; stress and anxiety can exacerbate hormonal imbalances, creating a vicious cycle [7] - Women of reproductive age should maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly to prevent the onset of PCOS and manage existing conditions effectively [7][8]