Core Viewpoint - Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that poses significant health risks, including the development of various serious chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The perception of obesity as merely a personal behavior issue is misleading, as societal changes have contributed to a rapid increase in obesity rates in China, making it the country with the fastest-growing prevalence of overweight and obesity globally [3][4]. Summary by Sections Understanding Obesity - Obesity is not just a simple condition but a complex health issue with various classifications based on genetic, metabolic, and anatomical factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity with a BMI threshold of ≥30.0 kg/m², while Chinese guidelines set it at ≥28 kg/m². This classification reflects the need for a nuanced understanding of obesity beyond mere weight [5][6]. Health Risks Associated with Obesity - Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and can lead to a reduction in life expectancy by 6 to 14 years. The healthy BMI range for adults is defined as 18.5-23.9 kg/m², and exceeding this range indicates potential health risks [4][5]. Types of Obesity - Obesity can be categorized into various types, including genetic obesity, acquired obesity, central obesity, and peripheral obesity. The modern classification emphasizes clinical practicality, distinguishing between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity, and recognizing the importance of identifying underlying pathological factors [5][6]. Specific Conditions Related to Obesity - **Hypothyroidism**: Often goes unnoticed due to its subtle symptoms, which include weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance. Early recognition is crucial for effective management [6]. - **Cushing's Syndrome**: Characterized by excessive cortisol levels, leading to central obesity and other systemic complications. Early identification of its clinical features is vital for timely treatment [9][10]. - **Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)**: A prevalent endocrine disorder among women in China, with a high incidence of hyperandrogenism, leading to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance [11][12]. - **Genetic Obesity**: Rare but significant, often linked to specific genetic mutations affecting energy metabolism. Early diagnosis through genetic testing can guide treatment [12][14]. Contributing Factors to Obesity - **Medication-Induced Obesity**: Certain medications, including those for diabetes and psychiatric conditions, can lead to weight gain. Identifying these medications is essential for effective weight management [17]. - **Psychological Factors**: Increased anxiety and stress in modern society contribute to unhealthy eating behaviors and sedentary lifestyles, exacerbating obesity [18]. - **Gonadal Dysfunction**: Can lead to complex clinical presentations, including obesity, and requires careful evaluation for effective management [19]. Conclusion - Recognizing obesity as a chronic condition requiring long-term management is essential. Understanding the multifaceted causes of obesity can help in developing targeted interventions to prevent related complications and promote healthier lifestyles [20].