Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a novel therapeutic agent, SeNExo, derived from selenium-modified neural stem cell exosomes, which shows promise in treating traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) [3][6]. Group 1: Research Background - Traumatic injuries to the CNS, including TBI and SCI, often lead to long-term disabilities across all age groups due to complex pathological processes involving primary and secondary injuries [2]. - Primary injuries cause immediate mechanical damage and local tissue injury, triggering a series of molecular and biochemical events that lead to secondary injuries, often exacerbated by immune cell activation and neuroinflammation [2]. Group 2: Development of SeNExo - The research team developed SeNExo, a selenium-modified exosome from neural stem cells, which can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has the ability to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide neuroprotection [3][6]. - SeNExo retains the beneficial properties of neural stem cell-derived exosomes while overcoming limitations such as the negative impact of pathological microenvironments on stem cell survival and differentiation [5][6]. Group 3: Mechanism and Efficacy - SeNExo enhances ROS clearance through a selenium-oxygen bond and penetrates the BBB via interactions with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (APOE_LRP-1) [6][7]. - The study demonstrated that SeNExo significantly reduces neuronal apoptosis, restores glial cell homeostasis, and remodels the glial-neuronal network, leading to substantial therapeutic effects in TBI and SCI mouse models [6][7].