当前正值"七下八上"防汛关键期，华东、华北、东北等地强降雨和雷暴天气频发。除直接灾害外， 雷暴还可能引发呼吸系统疾病发作、心血管事件增加等健康问题。专家提醒，不同人群健康风险各异， 需科学防护、因人施策，提前做好应对准备。 雷暴天气健康威胁需警惕 雷暴天气的健康风险呈现多层次、多系统特点。最直接的危险是雷击，人在户外空旷区域、高地或 水域附近时，易成为雷电的袭击目标。根据世界气象组织和其他相关机构统计，全球每年有2.4万至3万 人因雷击而死亡、24万至30万人因雷击而受伤。 近年来，雷暴天气引发的雷暴哮喘备受关注。中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任医师张永明 说，雷雨前，空气湿度变大，让空气中本就聚集的花粉和霉菌孢子颗粒吸水后，体积进一步变大。当有 雷暴时，花粉和霉菌被瞬间击碎，变成更为细小的微粒体进入人体下呼吸道，引发过敏性炎症，从而引 起哮喘或导致症状加重。 此外，北京大学第一医院心血管内科副主任于扬说，雷暴天气气压骤变，易诱发急性心梗、脑梗等 心脑血管急症。老年人因机能衰退和共病状态更易受气候影响。研究表明气温、湿度变化可能引发生理 指标波动及情绪应激。公众需提高警惕，出现不适及时就医。 专家还表示， ...

当前正值"七下八上"防汛关键期，华东、华北、东北等地强降雨和雷暴天气频发。除直接灾害外， 雷暴还可能引发呼吸系统疾病发作、心血管事件增加等健康问题。专家提醒，不同人群健康风险各异， 需科学防护、因人施策，提前做好应对准备。 雷暴天气健康威胁需警惕 雷暴天气的健康风险呈现多层次、多系统特点。最直接的危险是雷击，人在户外空旷区域、高地或 水域附近时，易成为雷电的袭击目标。根据世界气象组织和其他相关机构统计，全球每年有2.4万至3万 人因雷击而死亡、24万至30万人因雷击而受伤。 近年来，雷暴天气引发的雷暴哮喘备受关注。中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科副主任医师张永明 说，雷雨前，空气湿度变大，让空气中本就聚集的花粉和霉菌孢子颗粒吸水后，体积进一步变大。当有 雷暴时，花粉和霉菌被瞬间击碎，变成更为细小的微粒体进入人体下呼吸道，引发过敏性炎症，从而引 起哮喘或导致症状加重。 此外，北京大学第一医院心血管内科副主任于扬说，雷暴天气气压骤变，易诱发急性心梗、脑梗等 心脑血管急症。老年人因机能衰退和共病状态更易受气候影响。研究表明气温、湿度变化可能引发生理 指标波动及情绪应激。公众需提高警惕，出现不适及时就医。 专家还表示， ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the health risks associated with thunderstorms, highlighting the need for scientific protection and tailored strategies for different populations to mitigate these risks [2][7][11]. Group 1: Health Risks from Thunderstorms - Thunderstorms pose multiple health risks, including direct dangers like lightning strikes, which result in 24,000 to 30,000 deaths and 240,000 to 300,000 injuries globally each year [2]. - Thunderstorm asthma is a growing concern, as increased humidity before storms can cause pollen and mold spores to swell, leading to allergic reactions and asthma exacerbations [2]. - Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure during thunderstorms can trigger acute cardiovascular events, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly [7]. Group 2: Recommendations for Protection - Individuals should closely monitor weather forecasts and avoid outdoor activities during thunderstorm warnings, seeking shelter in buildings with proper lightning protection [8]. - For those with asthma or allergies, it is advised to close windows and use air purifiers before storms, and to have emergency medications readily available [8]. - Caregivers of vulnerable individuals should enhance home safety, remove hazards, and prepare emergency plans to address potential health risks during thunderstorms [9]. Group 3: Community and Systemic Measures - Establishing a refined management mechanism at the community level is crucial, including real-time health monitoring for high-risk individuals [10]. - Public spaces should enhance protective measures, such as installing lightning warning systems and clear evacuation signage [10]. - Upgrading meteorological services to provide precise and timely warnings using advanced technologies is essential for disaster prevention [10]. - Medical institutions need to improve emergency response systems, ensuring adequate supplies and training for handling storm-related injuries [10].